書面表達開頭結尾
人們常說寫作文要有“鳳頭豹尾”，就是說作文的開頭要寫得像鳳凰的頭一樣引人注目，而結尾要像豹尾那樣剛勁有力、戛然而止。那么，怎樣讓自己的作文具有“鳳頭豹尾”呢?下面筆者針對不同的文體和題材對英語作文的開頭和結尾的寫作方法進行了歸納總結。
Ⅰ. 怎樣寫好文章的開頭
開頭是作文在閱卷老師面前的第一次亮相，它將決定你所寫的文章在閱卷老師心中所留下的第一印象。如果第一印象好，就意味著有了良好的開端，也就成功了一半。Good beginning is half done，我們該怎樣一提起筆就讓自己成功一半呢?
1. “開門見山”式開頭
一般來說，文章的開頭應盡量做到“開門見山”，即要用簡單明了的語言引出文章的話題，使人一開始就能了解文章要說明的內容。
①. 對于敘事類的文章，可以在開頭把人物、時間、事件和環境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
②. 對于論述性的文章，可以在開頭處先闡明自己的觀點，接著展開進一步的論述。如“The Time and the Money(時間和金錢)” 的開頭可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’t think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……
2. 回憶性開頭
在描述事件或游記類的文章中，采用回憶性的開頭往往更能吸引人的眼球。這種類型的開頭中通常含有描述自己心情或情緒的詞匯，如never forget (永遠無法忘記)、 remember (記得)、unforgettable (難以忘懷的)、 exciting(令人激動的)、surprising(令人驚訝的)、sad (難過的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭還以這樣寫：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
3. 疑問性開頭
在敘事類或論述性的文章中，都可采用疑問型開頭，這樣既可以吸引閱卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(種樹)”的開頭可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don’t you think planting trees is ……再如“Traveling Abroad(出國之旅)”的開頭可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?
4. 倒敘式開頭
在有的文章，特別是敘事類的文章中，可以采用倒敘的寫作手法，先寫出事件的結果，再陳述過程。如“Catching Thieves (捉賊)”的開頭可以這樣寫：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It’s a … story.
Ⅱ. 怎樣寫好文章的結尾
文章的結尾沒有固定的模式，同學們可以根據表達主題的需要靈活創造。一般情況下，記敘文和說明文經常采用自然結尾的方法;但夾敘夾議和發表觀點類的文章則往往有結束語，以使文章首尾呼應，結構完整。文章結尾的形式也因文章類別和開頭的風格而靈活多變。
1. 自然結尾，點明主題
隨著文章的結束，文章自然而然地結尾。如“Helping the Policeman(幫助警察)”的結尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龜兔賽跑)” 的結尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2. 首尾呼應，升華主題
在文章的結尾可以用含義較深的話點明主題，深化主題，起到“畫龍點睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我愛家鄉)”的結尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
3. 反問結尾，引起深思
這種方式的結尾雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，而且具有一定的強調作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (學英語能為我們帶來許多樂趣)” 的結尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
4. 表達祝愿，闡述愿望
這種方式的結尾常出現在書信或演講稿的文體中，表示對他人的祝福或對將來的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(給農民們的一封信)”的結尾可以是：I hope the farmers’ life will be better and better.
另外，書信的結尾常有以下形式的祝福語：Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year;I wish you have a good time等。
2011年中考英語滿分作文必備的典型句子
一、學科
1. My favorite subject is English.
2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.
3. It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
4. China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China. English becomes more and more useful.
5. So English is very important and I like English very much.
6. We have a lot of fun in the English class.
7. Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class.
8. I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English.
9. I like English and try my best to learn it.
二、環保
1. It's our duty to protect our environment.
2. It is very important to take care of our environment.
3. We should not throw litter onto the ground.
4. We should not spit in a public place/cut down the trees.
5. We should plant more flowers and trees.
6. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin.
7. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
三、旅游
1. Last Sunday(Saturday,…) ,it was sunny(rainy, windy, foggy,)
2. I got up very early (late). After breakfast I went to …with my friends by bike, bus，…
3. We enjoyed ourselves.
4. We forgot the time. We didn't come back until 5 o'clock.
5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy.
6. I thought I would never forget this trip.
7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays.
8. We visited a lot of places of interest.
9. We had a good time there.
10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap.
四、比賽
1. Last Sunday, Class One had a football match with Class Two.
2. All of us went to watch it.
3. The match was very exciting.
4. In fact, I have never seen such an exciting match before.
5. The score was 5-3. Our team scored three goals in the last fifteen minutes.
6. Class One won this match. Class Two lost.
7. Class One played well. They deserved to win.
8. Their PE teacher was very pleased with their performance.
五、健康
1. It is very important to keep healthy.
2. How can we keep healthy?
3. We can't go to sleep too late. We can't get up too late.
4. We should eat the food healthily.
5. We should do more exercise.
6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head.
7. I didn't feel like eating anything.
8. I decided to see the doctor.
9. In the doctor's office, the doctor looks over me carefully.
10. He said, "Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water.
11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful.
12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.
13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world.
六、節日
1. In China the most important holiday is the Spring Festival.
2. It comes in January or February.
3. On the Spring Festival Eve people have a big dinner. They have a lot of nice food to eat.
4. During the Spring Festival people have a lot of interesting things to do.
5. People visit their relatives and friends.
6. They greet each other with a hug and say, "Happy New Year".
7. As China is a big country, people in different places celebrate this holiday in different ways.
2011年中考英語作文環保類題目預測及范文[1]
環保問題
范文
環境問題今天環境變得越來越糟糕，環境問題影響著人們的工作，學習，生活等，而我們的工作，生活，生產等又使環境污染越來越嚴重……，如何保護我們的環境？請以“ How to protect our environment？ ”為題寫一篇短文。提示：存在問題：1.水污染越來越嚴重；2.砍伐森林嚴重；3.大氣污染嚴重；4.白色垃圾等。要求：如何改善/保護環境？至少：3至4個方面。
How to protect/save our environment/world？As we all know， the environment around us is getting worse and worse /more and more seriously today. Water is polluted， we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down， some animals are getting less and less. Some factories are pouring dirty air into the sky. The population is increasing faster and faster， resources are getting less and less…etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health， it also has a great affection in the future. People’s health has been greatly affected by air， noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life， something must be done to stop the pollution. It’s our duty to protect our environment. We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere. Trees are very helpful and important for us. We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.
If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment， the world will become much more beautiful. In a word， if everyone pays more attention to our environment， there will be less pollution and our life will be better. “There is only one earth”， I hope everyone will protect our environment well.
限塑令
“限塑令”，自2008年6月1日起，在所有超市、商場實行塑料購物袋有償使用制度，超市、商場一律不得免費提供塑料購物袋。請你寫一篇英語短文，要求包括以下內容：
現狀：目前中國每天消費近30億個塑料袋，造成了嚴重的資源浪費和環境污染；
限塑令的意義：減少塑料袋使用量，提高公眾的環保意識；
提倡：重拎布袋子，重提菜籃子。
參考詞匯：禁令 ban 意識 awareness 提倡 advocate
The problem of “white pollution” caused by used plastic is becoming increasingly serious， in which plastic shopping bags play an important role. In China about three billion plastic shopping bags are consumed every day， which results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution. Luckily， the government has put a nationwide ban on the use of free plastic bags， demanding that all stores and supermarkets not provide customers with free plastic bags after June 1. I agree with the rule， which people can’t get the free plastic bags in the shops， supermarkets. It advocates people to use their cloth bags and baskets. It’s good for our environment. So I hope all the students in our class stop using the plastic bags， and to use our own cloth bags. I hope we can take care of our environment. Let’s make our world more and more beautiful.
節約用水
節約水是我們每個人的責任
As we know， water is very important to man， we can’t live without water. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less. But some people don’t care about it. They waste a lot of water in their daily life. Even worse， they pour dirty water into rivers. They throw rubbish into rivers， too. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.
Something must be done to stop the pollution. And I think it’s a great shame to waste while millions are in great need of water. I think what we can do is that we have to save every drop of water as possible as we can. For example， we must turn off the tap immediately after we use it. We can use a basin to wash our hands and faces. It’s also a good idea to encourage my friends and family members to join me！ Only in this way can we live happily. If we don’t save water， the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us. I believe if everyone makes a little effort， we can make a big difference.
低碳生活
現在全世界都在倡導“低碳生活”（low-carbon life），即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低開支的生活方式。低碳生活對我們大家都有好處，請你寫一篇短文向一家英文報社投稿。內容包括：你的具體做法、你的感受以及建議。
提示詞語：be good for， everyone， ride a bike， think， make a difference， environment， suggest， reuse
Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment， I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides， I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes. If everyone does something for the environment， I believe the earth will be a better place.
