概念︰主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上保持一致。 1.語法或形式一致原則
遵循三個原則 2.意義一致原則
3.就近一致原則
主謂一致是初、高中階段的重要語法項目之一，從近年中考的試題來看，中考對于主謂一致的考題主要考知識的記憶情況。
考查主謂一致的常見題型有單項選擇、完形填空、翻譯句子、同義句轉換、時態填空、單句改錯、短文改錯等等，尤其要注意書面表達，因為漢語中沒有相應的這種謂語動詞的變化，所以英語的主謂一致也是困擾廣大中國學生的一大心病，很多學生在揮毫潑墨之時，此類錯誤比比皆是，嚴重影響文章的水平，考試中必將拉低得分的檔次。因此，掌握好主謂一致對于提高英語水平和取得理想成績都至關重要, 找出句子的真正主語是關鍵。同時，必須遵循三個原則，下面，我們就來看一下具體情況：
1. 語法或形式一致原則
(1) 單數名詞(代詞)、不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；復數名詞(代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
如：He a tall man. (be)
Some bread on the table. (be)
The boys playing football. (be)
(2) 當and或both...and...連接兩個或三個名詞(代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
如：（ Both ） Lucy and Lily good students. (be)
﹡注︰在意義上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數，這時and后面的名詞無冠詞。
如：The singer and dancer talking with his students over there. (be)
The singer and the dancer talking happily. (be)
﹡注︰and 連接的成對名詞習慣上被看成是一個整體，當bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
如：Fish and chips always his favorite food. (be)
(3) 單數主語后面即使帶有由with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等構成的介詞短語時，謂語動詞仍用單數。介詞短語一般不作主語。
如：She as well as the other students learned how to type. (have)
Mr Green with his children watching TV now. (be)
Everyone except Li Lei here when the meeting began. (be)
(4) 不定代詞each, another, the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every＋one或thing構成復合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
如：Everything ready. (be)
﹡(5) every..., every...and every..., each..., each...and each..., no… and no…作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
如：Each boy and (each) girl an apple in their hands. (have)
No man and no woman ______(like) these shoes.
(6) one, every one, each, each one, any one, neither, either＋of＋復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。如： Each of us a bike. (have)
Every one of the students listening to the teacher carefully. (be)
注︰each作同位語時，謂語動詞與主語保持一致。
如︰We each a pen friend. = We a pen friend each. (have)
(7) none作主語，指人或可數的物，表示數目, 謂語單數復數都可以。如果指不可數名詞，表示量，謂語動詞用單數。
如： None of them the right size. (be)
Jim has used up all the money. None left. (be)
(8) 只有復數形式的名詞(clothes, pants, shoes, shorts, gloves, trousers, glasses, scissors )作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
如：My trousers new. (be)
(9) “數量詞+單位詞+of+不可數名詞或可數名詞復數”結構作主語，謂語動詞與單位詞一致。
e.g. This pair of trousers too short for me. (be)
Two cups of tea on the table. (be)
﹡(10) more than one +單數名詞，“不止一個”，意義復數，謂語動詞用單數。
many a +單數名詞，“許多”，意義復數，謂語動詞用單數。
one and a half ＋ 復數可數名詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數。
e.g. More than one person hurt in the accident. (be)
Many a student playing games on the playground. (be)
One and a half apples left on the table. (be)
(11) 不定式、動名詞或從句作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數。
e.g. To study hard our job. (be)
Swimming good for our health. (be)
﹡在 “主系表” 結構中，如果以what從句作主語，表語又是單數，主句的謂語動詞一般用單數；如果表語是復數，主句的謂語動詞一般用復數。
What he said true. (be)
What his father left him a few English books. (be)
﹡注：如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上的)名詞性從句，謂語動詞常用復數。
e.g. What he said and what he did always different last night . (be)
(12) a lot of(lots of, plenty of, most of)＋名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于名詞。
如：There plenty of rain in this area every year. (be)
A lot of people swimming in the river at the moment. (be)
(13) 百分數(或分數)＋of＋名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于名詞。
如：Over 70 percent of the earth covered with water. (be)
One third of the workers in the factory women. (be)
注：population 作為整體，謂語動詞為單數；主語指“人口中的一部分”時，其謂語動詞為復數。
如︰ The population of China larger than that of India. (be)
80 percent of the population of China farmers. (be)
⒁ a number / group of +cn（pl）“許多…”謂語動詞用復數，
the number of +cn（pl）“…的數目”，謂語動用單數。
e.g. A number of books missing from the library. (be)
The number of workers in this factory growing. (be)
Look! There a group of people over there. What is happening? (be)
⒂ 在定語從句中，關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。
one of +n.(pl.)為先行詞，從句謂語動詞用復數；
the only/very/right one of +n.(pl.)為先行詞，從句謂語動詞用單數。
e.g. Jim is one of the students who praised. (be)
Jim is the only one of the students who praised. (be)
﹡⒃ 在強調句中，連接代詞又在句中作主語，這時它應與被強調的主語保持一致。
e.g. It is Mary’s brother who hurt in the car accident yesterday.(be)
2. 意義一致原則
(1) 集體名詞(family, group, crowd, class, team，government)作主語時，謂語動詞要根據主語的意思來決定。如表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數；如表示集體中的成員，謂語動詞用復數。
如：Our class very big. (be)
Our class talking about the film. (be)
(2) 有生命的people，police，cattle（家畜），youth等集合名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一律用復數；但traffic等無生命的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
如：How many people there in your family? (be)
The traffic very heavy in the morning. (be)
﹡注︰people當“民族”講時，有單復數的變化，謂語動詞由它的形式決定。
如： The Chinese people a great people. (be)
There 56 peoples in China. (be)
(3) 表示時間、金錢、距離、度量、數學運算等的詞或短語作主語，盡管是復數形式，通常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。
如：Ten years passed since Mr Green came to China. (have)
Ten dollars enough. (be)
What one and two? It three. (be)
(4) 以 -s 結尾，而意義為單數的名詞或不可數名詞(如news,physics, maths，politics等), 或專有名詞(如the United States, the New Times, the United Nations 等)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
如：It exciting news.(be)
﹡注︰表示群島、山脈、瀑布、奧運會 等專有名詞被看做復數，謂語也用復數形式 ，
e.g. The Olympic Games held every four years. (be)
(5) Chinese, French, English, Japanese等作主語，表示語言，謂語用單數；與the連用，表示人，謂語用復數。
e.g. English spoken in many countries. (be)
The Chinese very friendly. (be)
⑹ “ the＋形容詞(或分詞)” 表示一類人，如：the rich(富人)，the living(活著的人)作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；表示抽象事物，謂語動詞用單數。
e.g. The rich better life than the poor. （have）
The new always taking the place of the old. (be)
⑺ the＋姓氏復數（=the＋姓＋family）表示一家人或夫婦二人，作主語，謂語動詞用復數
e.g. The Green family（= The Greens） getting ready to go out. (be)
⑻ 疑問詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數。（以who, why, how, whether或that引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如：Why she did this is not known.）
e.g. Who going to speak at the meeting? (be)
What on the desk? (be)
Look! There are a group of people over there. What happening? (be)
注：由how and why, when and where引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。
How and why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a story of struggle, success and sadness.
⑼ 名詞性物主代詞后的動詞單復數，取決于它所代替的是單數還是復數。
如：Ours (=Our Party) a great party. (be)
Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) brown. (be)
⑽ 由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”以及由與kind意思相似的 type，sort等構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持一致。
如：A kind of birds been discovered by them.（have）
A new type of machines on show now. (be)
Many kinds of furniture（家具，不可數） being transported from Beijing to Tianjin. (be)
⑾ 當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting book.
3. 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于離它最近的 名詞、代詞等詞的數。
(1) there, here 引導的句子
如：There a book and two pens on the table. (be)
There two pens and a book on the table. (be)
Here the bus. (come)
(2) or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but ...連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時。
如：Either Lily or Lucy to the party. (come)
Not only Jim but also his parents to live in China. (want)
He or you taken my pen.(have)
走出主謂一致的三大誤區
“主謂一致”最基本的原則是：單數主語用單數謂語動詞；復數主語用復數謂語動詞。
句子的核心是謂語動詞，謂語動詞形式的確定取決于主語。根據句子含義和結構認準主語是掌握主謂一致的必要條件；弄清主謂一致的語言規則和習慣是掌握主謂一致的充分條件，要正確使用主謂一致，兩個條件缺一不可，但同學們往往會走入以下三大誤區。
誤區一 誤認主語
1. 倒裝句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. （ ）
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. （ ）
2. 主語之后帶有介詞短語
①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （ ）
②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （ ）
3. one of . . . + 名詞復數或復數代詞
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （ ）
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （ ）
4. 定語從句
①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （ ）
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （ ）
5. each作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語決定。
① We each has a dictionary. （ ）
② We each have a dictionary. （ ）
誤區二 被主語的表象迷惑
1. 看似復數卻表單數概念
①Maths are my favourite subject. （ ）
②Maths is my favourite subject. （ ）
類似的有：physics，news，politics . . .
2. 看似單數卻表復數概念
①The police is searching for the robbers. （ ）
②The police are searching for the robbers. （ ）
3. 名詞的單復數同形
①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （ ）
②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （ ）
4. 集合名詞
①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. （ ）
②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （ ）
誤區三 誤用語言規則
1. 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數量等名詞作主語
①Ten years are quite a long time. （ ）
②Ten years is quite a long time. （ ）
2. 由and連接的并列主語
①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （ ）
②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. （ ）
3. 就近原則
①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （ ）
②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （ ）
4. this kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短語作主語
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （ ）
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （ ）
感悟中考
【例1】(2011 河北) There ________ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【例2】(2011黃崗) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?-Either __ OK, but I prefer coffee ___ milk.
A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to
【例3】(2009天津) Diana, together with her friends, ________ Chinese in China.
A. study B. have studied C. studies D. are studying
【例4】(2009河南) The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors__ smaller and smaller.
A. become B. became C. is becoming D. have become
【例5】(2010安徽) —How much _____ the pair of shoes? —Twenty dollars ____ enough.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
【例6】(2009寧夏) The woman behind the girls ________ a famous actress.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【例7】（2009齊齊哈爾）-Which is more useful, listening or speaking?- I think of them are useful. A. none B. both C. all
【例8】（2009齊齊哈爾）This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.
A. is B. am C. are
領悟語法
Ⅰ. 用動詞be或have的適當形式填空
1. Every student got a book.
2. The number of students in the school now rising.
3. A number of boys playing basketball at the moment.
4. There something else in the desk.
5. Tom, together with his mother, gone to New York.
6. The teacher with two students playing sports.
7. This pair of trousers made by my aunt last year.
8. Five months a long time to wait.
9. Here some books.
10. To clean the room your duty.
Ⅱ. 用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. When I got there, they each (read) a book.
2. Neither of us (like) the storybook.
3. Everyone except me (go) to the cinema tonight.
4. A football team often (have) eleven players.
5. No one but my parents (know) the truth.
6. Jim’s family (enjoy) watching TV after supper.
7. What you said (be) quite useful to us.
8. Look! The class (do) morning exercises on the playground.
9. Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hometown.
10. Three glasses of milk (be) enough for us.
11. Either you or he ________(be) a teacher.
12. Not only Li Lei but also Jack ________(enjoy) playing football very much.
13. Both Lucy and Lily _ _ (be) from the USA.
14. Every boy and girl ______(wear) the school uniform today.
15. Jim with his parents often ______(take) a walk in the park after dinner.
16. The number of students in this school ______(be) about 800.
17. Two fifths of the apple _________(eat) up by the mouse already.
18. Ten dollars ________(be) not enough for me to buy a skirt.
19. Mr. Zhang as well as his two sons ________(watch) TV together at this moment.
20. The young ________(play) video games a lot on Sundays.
21. There ________(come) the bus.
22. At the top of the hill _______(stand) an old temple.
23. There _______(be) a boy and three girls in the classroom now.
Ⅲ. 單項選擇
( )1. There ________more cars now in our country.(2011廣西)
A. have B. are C. is D. has
( )2. Linda, with her parents, __ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.（2011南通）
A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to
( )3. —How much is the pair of shoes? —Twenty dollars ________ enough.(2011廣安)
A. is B. are C. am
( )4. —Physics ____ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?—Yes, I think so.(2011德陽)
A. is B. are C. has
( )5. __ Lily ___ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.(2011烏魯木齊)
A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or
( )6. Each of the girls here ________ to the West Lake twice. (2011四川)
A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been
( )7. One of my friends _______moved to America. I miss her so much. (2011衢州)
A. has B. have C. is D. are
( )8. The number of books in the bookshop is 10,000 and a number of them ___ about science.
A. is B. was C. are D. were (2011綿陽)
( )9. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Both she and I ____ good at drawing.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
( )10. No one ____ swimming in such bad weather.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked
( ) 11. No one except two students ______ the meeting.
A. has been late for B. have been late for C. was late for D. were late for
( ) 12. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.
A. am going B. is going C. are going D. was going
( ) 13. A number of cars ______ in front of the park
A. is parked B. was parked C. are parked D. has parked
（ ）14. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home. A. is B. are C. has D. was
（ ）15. _____ was wrong.
A. Not the teacher but the students B. Both the students and the teacher
C. Neither the teacher not the students D. Not the students but the teacher
（ ）16. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task. A. are B. has C. is D. were
（ ）17. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time. A. is B. am C. are D. was
（ ）18. (1) The students in our school each _____________ an English dictionary.
(2) Each of the students in our school _____________ an English dictionary.
A. are having B. had C. has D. have
（ ）19.To play basketball and to go swimming ＿useful for character-training.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
（ ）20. (1)Many students _____________ that mistake before.
(2)Many a student _____________ that mistake before.
A. had madeB. has been made C. have madeD. has made
（ ）21. The rest of the novel ＿very interesting. A. were B. are C. is D. seem
（ ）22.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
（ ）23.There ___ some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. be D. has
（ ）24. How time flies! Three years _____ really a short time.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
（ ）25. The population of China __ larger than that of the USA. A.will be B.are C. is D.was
（ ）26. Deer ___ faster than dogs. A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run
（ ）27. This pair of trousers ____ my sister. My trousers ____.
A. is belong to; is being washed B. belongs to; are being washed
C. belong to; is washed D. are belonging to; has been washed
( ) 28. What I want ____ an interesting book while what he wants ___ two cups of coffee.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
( ) 29. The reading room _____ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
( ) 30. In our school library, there ___ a number of books on science and the number of them _____ growing larger and larger. A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is D. is; have
( ) 31. Nobody but Li Hua ______ the secret. A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known
( ) 32. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea. A. is B. are C. were D. has been
( ) 33 All but one ______ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were
( ) 34 Where ________a will, there is a way. A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are
( ) 35. Each boy and each girl _______ an English dictionary yesterday.
A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given
( ) 36. The old ___ taken good care of in China. A. is B. has C. are D. have
( ) 37. She is the only one of all the students who ___ a chance to go abroad.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
( ) 38. Something ______ wrong with my TV set. A. has B. have C. is D. are
( ) 39. Either Tim or I_______ a boss. A. am B. is C. are D. be
( ) 40. A fork and knife ______ on the table. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
( ) 41. The Smiths _____gone to Paris for a holiday. A. was B. is C. have D. has
( ) 42. Every minute and second ______ very important to us. A. are B. is C. were D. has
( ) 43. My hobby _______collecting stamps. A. is B. are C. had been D. have been
( ) 44. My family __TV when Tom came in.
A. is watching B. are watching C. was watching D. were watching
( ) 45. One of the books on the desk____ missing. A. were B. was C. has D. had
( ) 46. The police ____searching the house for the thief now. A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 47. The writer and poet ____ interested in action movies. A. am B. is C. are D. being
( ) 48. Three-fourths of the work ____today.
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished
( ) 49. Not only Judy but also Helen ____ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are
( ) 50. Four days __enough for me to finish the project, I need a fifth day.
A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t D. are
( ) 51. Neither Lucy nor Lily _____a doctor. A. am B. is C. be D. are
( ) 52. There ______ any new words in lesson 2. It is very easy. A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
( ) 53. Maths ______ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are
( ) 54. The old woman with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake happened.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping
( ) 55. Everyone except Tess and Ted__there when the leaders came in.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
( ) 56. The movie is very boring. ___of us wants to go to see it again.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
( ) 57. —What’s on the table?—There _____some potatoes and tomatoes on it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 58. This pair of sun glasses ______mine. A. am B. is C. are D. were
( ) 59. Both Jim and Jack ______ to the party last night.
A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited
( ) 60. The singer and the dancer __come to Xingyi. A. has B. have C. are D. is
參考答案：
感悟中考：例1-8 DACCAA
領悟語法：Ⅰ。1.has 2.is 3.are 4.is 5.has 6.is 7.was 8.is 9.are 10.is
Ⅱ。1.were reading 2.likes 3.is going 4.has 5.knows 6.enjoy 7.is 8.are doing 9.has passed 10.are 11.is 12.enjoy 13.are 14.is wearing 15.takes 16.is 17.has been eaten 18.is 19.is watching 20.play 21.comes 22.stands 23.is
Ⅲ。1-10BAAAD,DACCB 11-20 CCBDB,CCD/CCC/D 21-30 CCAAC,DBABB 31-40 AADCB,CBCAA
41-50 CBADA,BBBBA 51-60 BBBCD,ABBDB
