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謂語因受主語支配，需和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這種語法現(xiàn)象叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近原則。 一、語法一致原則 1．主語是單數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Jane likes English very much.簡(jiǎn)很喜歡英語。 They like English very much.他們很喜歡英語。 2．a(chǎn)nd 或 both...and...連接名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Tom and John are good friends. 湯姆和約翰是好朋友。 注意： (1)當(dāng) and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： The writer and singer was invited to the party. 那位作家兼歌手被邀請(qǐng)參加派對(duì)。 (2)當(dāng) and 連接的名詞被 each, every 或 no 修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now. 剛才每位男生和女生都得到了一個(gè)蘋果。 3．當(dāng)主語后面跟有 with, without, together with, along with,except, besides, but, as well as, like, including 等介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語保持一致(即就遠(yuǎn)原則)。如： The boy together with his parents works hard. 那個(gè)男孩和他的父母一起努力工作。 4．動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如： Walking is good for our health. 散步有利于我們的健康。 5．由不定代詞 either, neither, each, one, everyone, someone,anyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, something,anything, nothing, everything 等作主語或修飾主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞 通常用單數(shù)。如： Everybody is here.所有人都到齊了。 二、意義一致原則 1．科目名稱 maths, physics, politics 等和 news 本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： I think physics is an interesting subject. 我認(rèn)為物理是一門有趣的學(xué)科。 2．trousers, shoes, glasses, pants 等為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)它們前面有 pair of, kind of 等修飾時(shí)，則根據(jù) pair 和 kind 的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： His shoes are beautiful.他的鞋子很漂亮。 This pair of trousers belongs to Tom. 這條褲子屬于湯姆。 3．表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、距離、價(jià)格、金錢、重量等的短語作主語時(shí)，常表示一個(gè)整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如： Two months is quite a long time. 兩個(gè)月是很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。 4．集體名詞如 family, class, group, team 等作主語表示整體時(shí)用單數(shù)，表示集體中的具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。如： His family is a big family. 他的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。 His family are all the fans of Yao Ming. 他的家人都是姚明的粉絲。 5．某些名詞如 people (people 指“民族”時(shí)除外), police 等，形式上是單數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The police are running after a thief. 警察們正在追趕那個(gè)小偷。 6 ．“the ＋形容詞”表示一類人和“the ＋姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示夫婦或一家人作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The Smiths like watching TV. 史密斯一家人都喜歡看電視。 7．分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比及 some, half of, part of, lots of, the rest of 等后接單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： 70% of the earth is covered with water. 70%的地球表面被水覆蓋。 60% of the teachers in our school are women. 我們學(xué)校 60%的老師是女的。 三、就近原則 1．在 there be 句型和以 here 開頭的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。如： There is a book and three dictionaries on the desk. 桌子上有一本書和三本字典。 Here is Jim and his parents.這是吉姆和他的父母。 2．在 either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, or, not...but... 等結(jié)構(gòu)連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。如： Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里。 6.(2010 年廣東梅州)________ of the land in that country ________ covered with tree and grass. A．Two five; is B．Two fifths; are C．Two five; are D．Two fifths; is 解析：分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成原則是：分子用基數(shù)，分母用序數(shù)，分子大于一時(shí)，分母加-s；分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞是 land，為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。故選 D。 7.(2010 年廣東深圳) —The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-six. —How many of ________ are girls? A．is; them B．a(chǎn)re; them C．is; they D．a(chǎn)re; they 解析：the number of 意為“……的數(shù)目”，后面用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞；of 是介詞，后接代詞賓格。故選 A。 8.(2010 年廣東佛山)I asked for some more milk, but there ________ none left. A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．was 解析：none 指代 milk，是不可數(shù)名詞，故 there be 中的 be用單數(shù)。選 C。 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．There __is__ (be) some water in the bottle. 2．__Were____ (be) there many American friends in the school last Friday? 3．Most of our earth _is___ (be) covered with water. 4．Sunday _is___ (be) the first day of a week. 5．The police often __help__ (help) the children cross the street. 6．The whole family __are__ (be) enjoying the light music now. 7．Neither he nor I __am__ (be) from Canada. 8．Either you or he _is__ (be) right. 9．Not only Tom but also his parents __like___ (like) the film. 10． The news _was____ (be) terrifying.We all got nervous suddenly. 11．Nobody _likes_____ (like) that kind of man. 12．Each of them __had/had_____ (have) a red pen. 13．Both Mary and Jim __are___ (be) good students. 14．Two million dollars _is__ (be) enough to rebuild the village. 15．This pair of shoes __is__ (be) expensive. 16．To see _is___ (be) to believe. 17．My father and mother __agree____ (agree) with me. 18．There _is__ (be) a pen and some pencils in the box. 19．The woman with a baby ___is/was____ (be) my mother. 20．One of my friends _has___ (have) moved to America.I miss her so much. |
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