必修五Unit1Greatscientists(1)

yuanylch 2016-01-28

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必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists(2)

1. characteristic /'k?rikt?'ristik/ n.特征；特性
2. radium /'reidj?m/ n.鐳
3. painter /'peint?/ n.畫家；油漆匠
4. put forward 提出

搭配：

put forward a suggestion/plan

put oneself /sth forward as 自薦或推薦某人為某職位的候選人
put sth. forward 提前，把時鐘往前撥；提出

拓展：
put aside節省，儲蓄，儲存
put away放好，積蓄
put back放回，撥回
put down記下，鎮壓
put off延期，推遲
put on穿上，演出，增加
put out熄滅，撲滅
put through接通電話
put up舉起，張貼，公布，掛起，建造

5. scientific /sai?n'tifik/ adj.科學的

6. conclude /k?n'klu:d/ vt.vi.推斷出；結束

After waiting for half an hour ,I conclude that he wouldn’t come at all.
搭配：

conclude sth. from sth. 從…中推斷出…
conclude sth. with sth./by doing sth. 以…結束
to conclude=in conclusion 最后，總之（常作插入語）
draw /reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出結論

come to the conclusion that… 所得結論是…
例句：

他講話結束時祝愿大家回家一路平安。
我們將作進一步的討論，然后再作出最終結論

7. conclusion /k?n'klu:??n/ n.結論,推論,結尾
8. draw a conclusion 得出結論
9. analyse /'?n?laiz/ vt.分析
10. infect /in'fekt/ vt.傳染；感染
11. infectious /in'fek??s/ a.傳染的
12. cholera /'k?l?r?/ n.霍亂

13. defeat /di'fi:t/ vt.打敗；戰勝；使受挫 n.

例句：

He has been soundly defeated at chess.他在象棋比賽中一敗涂地。
辨析：

defeat/win/beat
1.beat\ defeat 擊敗，打敗 + 人/ 團體，多指在戰爭，比賽, 競選或辯論中戰勝對手。
2.win 贏得，獲得 + 比賽/ 獎品，多指贏得比賽，獎勵，勝利，尊重，名聲，戰爭等。
1.win + a game/ a race/an election/a victory/a champion/ (1st,2nd …)prize/scholarship/a gold medal/sb’s trust/love/respect/a battle/a war.
2.beat 還可指心跳、敲、擊。
運用：

1)Who do you think will ____ the beauty contest?
2)The army was well? trained and well ?armed，and had little difficulty ___the enemy.
3) He was so nervous that he could feel his heart ____ faster.

14. expert /'eksp?:t/ a.熟練的；經驗或知識豐富的 n.專家；行家
15. attend /?'tend/ vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加

用法：attend sth   出席，參加   attend class/ school /a wedding/a ceremony /a lecture/a party
attend (on/upon) sb. 看護，照料某人
      attend to sb./ sth.    專心于、處理某人/某事

辨析：

attend做參加講，賓語通常為 meeting，lecture，funeral，ceremony，party，school等。
join 指加入某組織或團體，成為其中一員，如“參軍，入團，入黨”等。
join in 指參加比賽或活動，其中in可以作介詞或副詞。
take part in 指參加某項集體活動，并在其中起積極作用，可指參加工作，活動，等。

16. physician /fi'zi??n/ n.醫生；內科醫師
17. expose /iks'p?uz/ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
18. expose...to 使顯露；暴露,使暴露（常與介詞to搭配）
搭配：

expose sth/ sb/ oneself to… 使...受到/接觸…
be exposed to 招致，暴露于，感染（病）
運用：

Those who pig flu were separated and treated without delay.感染豬流感的人被及時隔離和治療。
Keep indoors and ________________.
(不要暴露你的皮膚于陽光下)

19. deadly /'dedli/ adj.致命的
20. cure /kju?/ n.治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治療

搭配：

cure作動詞 cure sb of sth；

作名詞a cure for sth
例句：

She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.
Most of the patients can be cured of the disease.
So far, the cure for AIDS has not been found yet.
It is a pity that there is no easy cure for loneliness.

21. outbreak /'autbreik/ n.爆發；發作
22. challenge /'t??l?nd?/ n.挑戰 vt.向...挑戰
23. victim /'viktim/ n.受害者
24. absorb /?b's?:b/ vt.吸收；吸引；使專心

搭配：

absorb one’s attention 吸引某人注意
be absorbed in 專心致志于
be absorbed into 被吸入（并入）
運用：

(1)She was ______that novel that she didn’t realize the food had got burned.

(2)Several small companies are ____ the big one.

25. suspect /s?s'pekt, 's?spekt/ vt.懷疑 n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯
26. enquiry [in?kwai?ri] n.詢問

enquire
27. neighbourhood ['neib?hud] n.附近；臨近
28. severe /si'vi?/ a.嚴重的；劇烈的；嚴厲的
29. clue /klu:/ n.線索；提示
30. pump /p?mp/ n.泵；抽水機 vt.(用泵)抽水；打氣
31. Cambridge Street [?ke?mbr?d?]劍橋大街
32. foresee /f?:'si:/ vt.預見，預知
33. investigate /in'vestigeit/ vt.vi.調查
34. investigation /in'vesti'gei??n/ n.調查
35. blame /bleim/ vt.責備；譴責 n.過失；責備
搭配：

blame sb. for( doing )sth. 因為某事責備某人
blame sth. on sb. 把…歸咎于某人
be to blame (for sth.) 某人（因為某事）要受到責備
lay/put blame on 把 …. 歸咎于
bear /take the blame for sth. 承擔…的責任
運用：

The diver didn’t know who ___ for starting the fire?

36. pollute /p?'lju:t/ vt.污染；弄臟
37. handle /'h?ndl/ n.柄；把手 vt.處理；操縱
38. germ /d??:m/ n.微生物；細菌
39. link /li?k/ vt.n.連接；聯系
40. link...to... 將...和...聯系或連接起來
41. announce /?'nauns/ vt.宣布；通告
42. certainty /'s?:tnti/ n.確信；確實
43. instruct /in'str?kt/ vt.命令；指示；教導

instructions指示; 操作指南; 用法說明; ( instruction的名詞復數 ) 命令

44. responsible /ris'p?ns?bl/ a.有責任的；負責的
45. construct /k?n'str?kt/ vt.建設；修建
46. construction /k?n'str?k??n/ n.建設；建筑物
47. contribute /k?n'tribju(:)t/ vt.vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助

搭配：

contribute...to...把……貢獻給…… contribute to doing...導致……；向……投稿；有助于……
例句：

Most people contributed some money to the poor boy.
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
擴展:

make a contribution /contributions to sth. 對…做貢獻

48. apart from 除…之外；此外
用法：

a. 除了….以外（還有）（相當于besides）；

b.除了….以外（沒有）（相當于except）
Apart from my parents, I have no one to believe in. (相當于except)
Everyone in our class went to the cinema apart from Mary. (相當于besides)

c. 此外，除掉（相當于except for）
I think you really have an artist gift apart from this defect.除了這個缺陷外，我覺得你確實有藝術天賦
辨析：

besides/except/except for/apart from

49. firework /'fai?w?:k/ n.煙火
50. chart /t?ɑ:t/ n.圖表
51. creative /kri(:)'eitiv/ a.有創造力的；創造性的；獨創的
52. co-operative a.合作的
53. positive /'p?z?tiv/ a.積極的；肯定的；確實的
54. (be) strict with 對...嚴格的
55. Nicolaus Copernicus 尼古拉.哥白尼
56. revolutionary /'rev?'lu:??n?ri/ a.革命的；重大變革的
57. movement /'mu:vm?nt/ n.移動；運動；動作
58. make sense 講得通；有意義
59. backward /'b?kw?d/ ad.a.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
60. loop /lu:p/ n.圈；環
61. privately ad.私下地；秘密地
62. spin /spin/ vt.vi.(使)旋轉；紡(線或紗)
63. brightness /braitnis/ n.明亮；亮度；聰穎
64. enthusiastic /in'θju:zi'?stik/ a.熱情的；熱心的
65. cautious /'k?:??s/ a.小心的；謹慎的
66. reject /ri'd?ekt/ vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄
67. universe /'ju:niv?:s/ n.宇宙；世界

Ⅰ.重點單詞識記

1．defeat /dI′fi?t/ vt.打敗；戰勝；使受挫；n.失敗

2．attend /?′tend/ vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加

3．expose /Ik′sp??z/ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光

4．cure /kj??/ n．治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治療

5．challenge /′t??lInd?/ n．挑戰；vt.向……挑戰

6．absorb /?b′z??b/ vt.吸收；吸引；使專心

7．suspect /s?′spekt/ vt.認為；懷疑；/′s?spekt/ n．嫌疑犯

8．blame /bleIm/ vt.責備；譴責；n.過失；責備

9．pollute /p?′lu?t/ vt.污染；弄臟

10．handle /′h?ndl/ n．柄；把手；vt.處理；操縱

11．link /lI?k/ vt.& n．連接；聯系

12．positive /′p?z?tIv/ adj.積極的；肯定的；確實的

13．reject /rI′d?ekt/ vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄

14．scientific /?saI?n′tIfIk/ adj.科學的→science n．科學

15．conclude /k?n′klu?d/ vt.& vi.結束；推斷出

→conclusion n．結論；結束

16．analyse /′?n?laIz/ vt.分析

→analysis n．分析

17．announce /?′na?ns/ vt.宣布；通告

→announcement n．通告

18．instruct /In′str?kt/ vt.命令；指示；教導

→instruction n．說明；指示

19．contribute /k?n′trIbju?t/ vt.& vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助

→contribution n．貢獻

20．enthusiastic /In?θju?zI′?stIk/ adj.熱情的；熱心的

→enthusiasm n．熱情

Ⅱ.重點短語識記

1．put forward提出

2．draw a conclusion得出結論

3．expose...to使顯露；暴露

4．be to blame for該為……受責備；應為……承擔責任

5．link...to...將……和……連接或聯系起來

6．apart from除……之外；此外

7．(be) strict with...對……嚴格的

8．make sense講得通；有意義

擴展：

make no sense 沒有道理，沒意義 make sense of 理解，明白
in a sense 在某種程度上

in no sense 絕不
a sense of humor/ duty/ beauty/ responsibility.
There is no sense in doing sth. 做… 沒道理。

Ⅲ.經典原句默寫與背誦

1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們不知它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。

2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

每次暴發(霍亂)時，都有大批驚恐的百姓病死。

3．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為防止這種情況再度發生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經過檢測。

4．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。

5．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把固定著的太陽放在太陽系的中心位置上，行星都圍繞著太陽轉，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉。

1．Astronomy is the scientific(science) study of the sun，moon，stars and other heaven bodies.

2．Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion(conclude) is therefore wrong.

3．We agreed with his acute analysis(analyse) of the political situation.

4．Nothing is more valuable(value) than time，but nothing is less valued.

5．Our cook’s sudden announcement(announce) that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.

6．He became a construction(construct) worker after he left school.

7．The Chinese people have made a great contribution(contribute) to the whole world.

8．I put forward a plan but he did not appear enthusiastic(enthusiasm) about it.

9．The leadership of the movement(move) are in agreement on this issue.

10．That painful experience makes them cautious(caution) in the future.

課文回顧

P.2
JOHH SHOW DEFEATS 'KINGCHOLERA'

   John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended成為 Queen Victoria as her personal physician[f??z??n]. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to受到 cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died and ×every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
       He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.        The first suggested說明 that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.      The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
         John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
          First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.
         Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
          In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
          To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.

COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY

        Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.
        The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.
        Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.
         In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
         Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.

1.conclude v.斷定，推斷出?decide?；得出結論；?使?結束，終止?end?

conclude sth.with...就某事與某人達成協議；以……結束

conclude sth.from...從……推斷出……

to conclude=in conclusion最后

arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出結論

make a conclusion下結論

in conclusion總之；最后

So what can we conclude from this debate?那么從這場辯論中我們能得出什么結論？

In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.總之，全世界的人都應該意識到水短缺的真正形勢。 (2014·福建·書面表達)

夯實基礎

(1)語法改錯經驗積累

①He concluded his speech with a famous saying.

②What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?

③In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

(2)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude it with important points(用幾條要點作為結束)．

2.attend v.

出席，參加?be present?；

照料，護理?take care of?；

處理，對付?deal with?

attend school/class/church上學/上課/做禮拜

attend on/upon伺候某人；照顧某人

attend to sb./sth.處理；傾聽；照料；專心；注意

It (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到第二天早晨他有個重要會議要參加。

The main thing is to attend to the injured.

首要任務是照顧傷者。

夯實基礎

(1)用attend短語的適當形式填空

①I always have so many things to attend to when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.

②I’m staying home tonight to attend on my father.

(2)翻譯句子

數千人參加了慶典。Thousands of people attended the ceremony.

3.expose v.暴露；揭露；使曝光

expose...to使顯露；暴露

be exposed to暴露于；經受……

expose sb.to...讓某人接觸某物；使某人暴露于……

They had not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.

城市人口中多數常見的疾病他們都沒有接觸到。

These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.這些單元讓孩子們接觸到有關某一特定問題的多種觀點。

夯實基礎

同義句改寫

The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.

(1)The newspaper let out his secret to the public.(用let out改寫句子)

(2)The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(用give away改寫句子)

4.cure v.治愈?病人?；治好?疾病?；矯正，改正?某人的不良行為?；解決?問題?；n.治療；療程

v. cure sb.of...治愈某人的……；矯正某人的……

n. a cure for...針對……的治療

An operation finally cured his shin injury.

手術最終治好了他頸部的傷。

We need to cure our environmental problems.我們需要解決我們的環境問題。

夯實基礎

(1)Who was it that cured the old professor of his cancer(把教授的癌癥治好了)?

(2)I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder(治好我肩膀的疼痛)，but they haven’t found an effective cure.

5.control v.& n.控制；支配

beyond one’s control超過某人控制范圍

be under control處于控制之下

be in control of sth.?控制著

in the control of受……的管理

out of control失控；無法管理

lose control of無法控制

You must learn how to control yourself.

你必須學會控制自己的情緒。

Who’s in control of that house？誰掌管那所房子？

夯實基礎

同義句改寫

(1)He is in control of the club.(用club作主語改寫句子)=be in charge of

The club is in the control of him.=)=be the in charge of

(2)He lost control of his motorbike.(用motorbike作主語改寫句子)

His motorbike was out of control.

6. absorb v.

吸收?液體、氣體等??take in?；

吸引全部注意力?attract?；

使全神貫注?interest sb.very much?；

使并入，吞并

absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意

absorb...from...從……中吸收……

be absorbed in全神貫注于

be absorbed by/into被……吞并?吸引?

Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.植物從空氣中吸收二氧化碳并從土壤中汲取水分。

思考　

表示“全神貫注”的常見短語還有：

be lost in，

be buried in，

fix/focus one’s attention on，

devote...to，

concentrate one’s mind on，

apply oneself to，

be addicted to等。

夯實基礎

(1)用absorb的適當形式填空

①When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

②He had an absorbed look on his face.

(2)翻譯句子

她專心于這本書。

She was absorbed in the book.

7. suspect vt.懷疑；認為；n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯

suspect sb.to be＋n./adj.懷疑某人……

suspect sb.of ?doing? sth.懷疑某人?做了?某事

be suspicious of/about...對……懷疑

The above complaints are，I suspect，just the tip of the iceberg.我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。

He resigned after being suspected of theft.他被懷疑有偷竊行為，隨后就辭職了。

夯實基礎

(1)—What happened to him?

—He was suspected of stealing the ring(他被懷疑偷了戒指) at the party last night，and the police were looking into the matter.

(2)同義句改寫

I suspect that he is the pickpocket.(用suspect sb.to be...改為簡單句)

I suspect him to be the pickpocket.

(3)翻譯句子

我開始懷疑他邀請我的動機。

I began to suspect his motives in inviting me.

8. blame v.

把……歸咎于，責怪，指責?say or think sb. is responsible for?；

n.過失；責任?responsibility?；

責備，指責blame sb.for...因……而指責某人；把……歸咎于某人

blame sth.on sb.把某事歸咎于某人

be to blame ?for sth.?應承擔責任；該受責備?主動形式表被動意義

accept/bear/take the blame for...對……負責；為……承擔責任

put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的責任推到某人身上

To be honest, it was Su’s fault，but Li was also to blame.實話實說，這件事怪蘇，但是李也應受指責。

Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他應該為此受到責備。

The president put the blame completely on his opponent.總統把責任完全推給了他的對手。

夯實基礎

(1)It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident(你該為這起事故負責)．

(2)They blamed the failure on George(把失敗推到George身上)．Actually，he is not to blame(不該受責備)．

9.announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知；聲稱；預示

It is announced that...據稱；據宣布……

announce to sb.sth./that...向某人宣布……

make an announcement下通知；宣布

She was planning to announce her engagement to Peter.她正計劃宣布她和彼得訂婚一事。

It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.據宣布，將有新的限速規定出臺。

特別提醒

announce后不跟雙賓語，即不能說announce sb.sth.，可以說announce to sb.sth.。

類似不接雙賓語的動詞還有：explain，say，report，describe，suggest，mention，express等。

夯實基礎

(1)It was announced(據宣布) that the sports meeting would be put off till the next Monday.

(2)Everybody stopped talking and became quiet，for the footsteps announced the return of the boss(預示著老板的歸來)．

10 contribute vt.& vi.捐獻；捐助?give money or goods to...?；是……的原因之一?be one of the causes of sth.?；貢獻；投稿?write...for...

contribute...to...把……貢獻給……

contribute to有助于；導致?＝result in/lead to?；把時間投入到……

make a contribution/contributions to對……作出貢獻/捐款

He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.

他在這次討論中提出很多好的想法。

Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?

你愿意為醫院建設基金捐款嗎？

圖解助記

夯實基礎

(1)His profound learning and sharp eyes contributed to this new discovery(是這項新發現的原因)．

(2)同義句改寫

Various factors contributed to his downfall.

Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.

(3)翻譯句子

適度的運動有益于健康。

A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.

lead to　make sense　put forward　draw a conclusion,apart from

1．It does not make any sense to buy that expensive coat when these are cheaper.

2．We have put forward the date of our wedding by one week.

3．It is said that a cigarette end led to the forest fire.

4．He is easy to get along with.Apart from that，he is a determined boy.

5．From what is said above，we can draw a conclusion that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.

1put forward提議，提出?suggest?；拿出；推薦?recommend?；將……提前

put away將……收起；把……放回原處；積蓄

put aside忽視；不理睬；儲存

put off延期

put out撲滅

put in放入；把……寫進?信函、故事等

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee？我可否提名你為該委員會主席的人選？

The meeting was put forward half an hour.

會議提前了半小時。

夯實基礎

(1)用put短語的適當形式填空

①Far water doesn’t put out near fire.

②Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket-money to buy Christmas presents.

③The Association has put the event off until October.

④Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away.

(2)At the last moment，Tom decided to put in a new character(添加一個新的角色) to make the story seem more likely.

2apart/aside from除……之外；此外

表示“除……之外”的短語：,apart from/aside from除……之外，根據上下文的不同，可以分別相當于besides，except或except for。

besides＝in addition to除……之外(還，也)，常與also，more，other等連用。

except除……外(都)……，常與all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整體肯定或否定意義的詞連用。

except for除……以外，其后所跟的詞往往與前面的不是同一類的，是指整體中除去的一個細節或某一方面。

Apart from the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me.

姑且不論價格，這件衣服也不適合我。

It is a good book，apart from the torn cover.

除了封面破了，它是本好書。

夯實基礎

(1)用besides，except，except for，apart from填空

①All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom.

②We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two.

③Apart from/Except for the ending，it’s a really good film.

(2)Apart from good service(除了良好的服務以外)，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

3make sense講得通；有意義?have a meaning?；表述清楚

in a sense在某種意義上；在某種程度上

in no sense決不；無論如何

make sense of弄懂……的意思；理解

have a sense of有……感

There is no sense in doing...做某事是不明智的。

I thought what he said made sense and I got in touch with him.我認為他所說的有道理，并與他取得了聯系。

Do you have a good sense of direction?

你的方向感好不好？

夯實基礎

(1)用sense的相關短語填空

①In a sense，I can’t agree with what you said.

②In no sense is that statement correct.

(2)In my opinion，the answer to the question you gave us just now doesn’t make any sense(沒有任何意義)．

(3)翻譯句子

①讀讀這篇文章，告訴我通不通。

Read this passage and tell me if it makes sense.

②現在沒有必要為失敗苦惱。

There’s no sense in getting upset about failure.

1．The cleaner gets paid by the hour(按小時領取報酬)．

2．She has water delivered from the pump to her house(從水泵打水運到家里來) every day.

3．He got/became interested in(產生興趣) two theories explaining how cholera killed people.

4．Science can not develop unless people publish their ideas(除非人們公布他們的觀點)．

5．She’ll have a chance to get well only if she has a strong will(唯有她有堅強的意志) to live.

　 He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教會的攻擊，所以他直到1543年臨終前才公布了這一觀點。

句型公式：形容詞作狀語

1?形容詞dying在句中作狀語，說明謂語動詞lay發生時，主語所處的狀態。

2?形容詞?短語?作狀語在句中還可以表示行為方式、伴隨狀況、原因、時間或條件等。

One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing wind.

有一個女人躺在床上，毫無睡意，聽著疾馳而過的大風。

He approached us，full of apologies.

他連聲道歉地朝我們走來。

夯實基礎

(1)Happy and satisfied (既高興又滿意)，she suddenly appeared.

(2)The boy ran home，full of fear (滿懷恐懼的)．

(3)Light-hearted and optimistic(豁達而樂觀)，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.

根據句意補全句子

(1)The United States is a country which has developed.

→The United States is a developed country.

(2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.

→He told us of the great wrong done to him.

(3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.

(4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.

(5)There are four used (use) stamps.

Ⅰ.語法填空——根據課文內容完成下面的短文

John Snow，a well-known doctor in London，became 1.inspired(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2.were exposed(expose) to cholera，a 3.deadly (dead) disease of his day.Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4.because no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve 5.the problem.

He got interested in two theories 6.explaining (explain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory 7.that suggested that people absorbed the disease with their meals.In 1854,8.when another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test the two theories.9.With the help of the map 10.he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was to blame.

Ⅱ.讀寫任務——用約30個詞概括課文內容

John Snow，a famous doctor and expert，succeeded in defeating “King Cholera” in a scientific way.Cholera was a deadly disease of its day and had attacked London twice in the 1850s.

Ⅲ.寫作素材——關于醫學

1．布萊克因為接觸了致命的病毒而患了重病。

2．專家通過各種嘗試給他治療。

3．各種嘗試之后他們宣布病毒被打敗了。

4．但是在完全康復之前他還需要護理一段時間。

5．人們說這種病毒該受責備。

提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達，并且請使用賓語從句，need doing等表達。

連句成篇 (將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文)

Black was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him，the experts announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered.People said that the virus was to blame.

Ⅰ.完形填空

Have you ever watched an artist paint a picture？He or she works close to the canvas(畫布)— 1 small sections at a time in the process of completing the whole painting.

But every once in a while，the 2 must step back from their work and look at the whole picture.Only by stepping away from what they’re working on can they 3 the proper perspective(角度)．The proper point of view is 4 to the end result.

It’s no difference for any other creation.Whether it’s a business，a project or your life，you need to step back 5 in order to get it right.From a 6 ，you can see things you can’t see when you’re close.The difference is in working on your project instead of working in it.It’s all too easy to focus on something but 7 the important parts needed to create a satisfying result.

Stephen Covey calls it“ 8 the saw(鋸)”．It would be foolish to keep sawing away without stopping from time to time to make your 9 more sharp.But unfortunately，that’s what too many of us 10 .

Just as in music—we need spaces between the notes in order to create the lovely melody(曲調)．A continuous collection of notes with no spaces is not good—it’s 11 .

You may need to take a vacation—to get away from work or study.At other times，it’s best to take a course or attend a meeting to 12 some new ideas.Sometimes，it may be better to take a complete break，to go away and just do something totally 13 —do a voluntary work，build a house for habitat，for humanity or some other worthy cause.

The important thing is to take the breaks.Without them，we are not 14 and we don’t enjoy our work or our life as much.Our pressure 15 and both our work and our health suffer.

1．A.picking B．painting

C．losing D．enjoying

答案　B

解析　結合上一句及該空后的“completing the whole painting”可知，此處指藝術家靠近畫布畫畫(paint)。

2．A.scientists B．teachers

C．physicists D．artists

答案　D

解析　結合語境，特別是該空后的the whole picture可知，此處指的是藝術家(artist)。

3．A.turn B．change

C．gain D．give

答案　C

解析　畫家走到離畫布遠一點的地方是為了獲得(gain)更合適的創作視角。

4．A.important B．special

C．ordinary D．popular

答案　A

解析　上下文中談到尋找創作視角的用處，所以合適的視角對作品最后的結果是很重要的(important)。

5．A.finally B．sometimes

C．once D．slowly

答案　B

解析　不時地往后退一些，是為了更好地前行。此處sometimes與第二段第一句中的every once in a while相對應。

6．A.height B．depth

C．distance D．length

答案　C

解析　from a distance表示“在遠處”。此處指隔一段距離(distance)，你能夠看到在近處看不到的東西。

7．A.meet B．destroy

C．collect D．miss

答案　D

解析　人們很容易將精力只投入某些事情，從而錯過(miss)一些重要的部分，而這些部分是創造出令人滿意的結果所需的。

8．A.repairing B．sharpening

C．touching D．hiding

答案　B

解析　結合上文中提到的應該時不時地后退以審視自己的工作及本段第二句中的more sharp可知，此處指使鋸鋒利。sharpen使鋒利。

9．A.way B．mind

C．tool D．sense

答案　C

解析　根據上文中提到的saw可知，此處選tool，指做事情時使用的工具。

10．A.notice B．do

C．find D．lose

答案　B

解析　雖然一直工作、不停下來銳化工具是很愚蠢的，但不幸的是，我們多數人都是這么做(do)的。

11．A.music B．noise

C．sound D．pollution

答案　B

解析　此處所填內容與上一句中的the lovely melody相對應。音符間沒有空隙的音樂，沒有旋律可言，是噪音(noise)。

12．A.obtain B．prove

C．desert D．explain

答案　A

解析　參加課程或參加會議是為了“獲取”一些新點子。

13．A.difficult B．necessary

C．common D．different

答案　D

解析　該空后提到的事情是與平時工作不同的事情，因此該空填different。

14．A.native B．creative

C．attractive D．sensitive

答案　B

解析　如果我們不注意休息，我們就不會有創造力。

15．A.reduces B．disappears

C．increases D．improves

答案　C

解析　壓力增加(increase)，我們就不能盡情地享受工作和生活，我們就會身心俱疲。

Ⅱ.語法填空

No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1960s.There were times when my size was 1.totally (total) changed.I became small and thin but I 2.got (get) cleverer and cleverer，quicker and quicker.And my memory became so large 3.that I couldn’t believe it！But I was always so lonely standing there by myself，until in the early 1960s，they gave me a family 4.connected (connect) by a network.I could share information with 5.others (other) and we could talk to each other.At about 6.the same time we learned to talk to humans using BASIC.I 7.was brought (bring) into people’s homes in the 1970s.8.Since then，my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information and communicate with each other 9.around the world by the Internet.I love being used to connect people 10.who/that aren’t close enough to speak to each other.I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth.

Ⅲ.閱讀理解

For many years，Hawaii has been a magic name to people who like to travel.People on both sides of the Pacific Ocean，in Japan and in America，dream of seeing these beautiful islands in the middle of the ocean.Their dreams always include at least one scene of a sunset over the ocean.In the tropical(熱帶的) lands，the sun drops，like a ball of golden fire，into the sea，and it drops so quickly that you can almost see it move.The sun leaves behind a glow that lights the skies and shines in the quiet water.

People often have a quiet，peaceful time—perfect for a leisurely(悠閑的) walk along the water.This scene is not too different from the dramatic(令人神往的) beauty that greeted the first strangers to these islands centuries ago.They were Polynesian people who came from Tahiti in canoes not much bigger than small boats.

They found the beautiful white sand beaches and the waving palm trees，but there were no giant hotels like the ones we see nowadays.The first people came to Hawaii nearly two thousand years ago，but skyscraper hotels were only built in the last 25 years.Now jet planes make it possible to fly to it for a weekend from Tokyo.Wherever the people come from，they really want to see the original beauty of Hawaii.They want to see the lovely beaches and the mountain called Diamond Head which is almost hidden by the tall hotels.

1．Hawaii is a name .

A．given by people who like to travel

B．attracting a lot of travelers

C．with a magic story behind it

D．liked by both the Japanese and Americans

答案　B

解析　推理判斷題。根據第一段可知，夏威夷是喜歡旅游的人向往的一個地方，故B項正確。

2．On these beautiful islands，one thing that every traveler won’t miss is .

A．to swim in the quiet water

B．to see the tropical plants

C．to see the sunset

D．a leisurely walk along the beach

答案　C

解析　細節理解題。根據第一段“Their dreams always include at least one scene of a sunset over the ocean.”可知答案為C項。

3．Which of the following does not belong to “the original beauty of Hawaii”？

A．White sand beaches.

B．Waving palm trees.

C．Tall hotels.

D．The Diamond Head Mountain.

答案　C

解析　細節理解題。根據文章最后一段可知，高樓大廈是最近25年內建起來的。

4．The last paragraph suggests .

A．the scenery nowadays is not too different from the original beauty

B．it’s not quite easy to see the original beauty，because some of the scenery is almost hidden by tall hotels

C．it is easy to see the original beauty，but only by taking jet airplanes

D．it is not easy to see the original beauty because things have completely changed in the last 25 years

答案　B

解析　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一句“They want to see the lovely beaches and the mountain called Diamond Head which is almost hidden by the tall hotels.”可知，高樓大廈把部分美景給遮掩了。所以要看原始的美，不是很容易。

5．The best title of the passage is .

A．Islands Scenery

B．Hawaii：A Magic Name

C．Traveling in Hawaii

D．The Dramatic Beauty

答案　B

解析　標題歸納題。根據文章內容可知本文主要講了夏威夷的自然風光。A、D兩項光看題目，是不會想到是在講夏威夷的美；這里不是講夏威夷旅游，排除C項。