英語單詞詞性轉換的基本規律

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      內容提要：英語單詞詞性轉換的基本規律

      1.動詞(v.)→名詞(n.)

      (a)詞形不變,詞性改變

      例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作動詞(工作,學習,澆水,種植),也可以用作名詞(工作,學習,水,植物).

      (b)一些動詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示'某一類人'的名詞

      例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,

      jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,

      visit—visitor, invent—inventor, collect—collector等.

      注意:1)以不發音的e結尾的動詞,在詞尾加-r.

      例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.

      2)以重讀閉音節結尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er

      例如：run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等.

      (c)在動詞詞尾加上-ment 變成名詞

      例如:achieve—achievement (成就)           

      advertise—advertisement//advertising(廣告)

      agree—agreement                disgree—disagreement          

      amuse—amusement (娛樂)         improve—improvement(爭吵)

      commit(奉獻)—commitment       develop—development (發展)              

      depart—department (局,部)        govern(統治)—government(政府)

      manage—management (管理)      equip—equipment (裝備)

      有些單詞比較特殊,需把動詞后的e去掉再加ment.   

      例如:argue—argument(爭論) 

      (d)在動詞詞尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion變成名詞

      例如: attract—attraction;   instruct—instruction; 

      invent—invention discuss—discussion; 

      express—expression educate—education; 

      graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加'ion')

      compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加'tion')  

      decide—decision    conclude—conclusion  (把de改為s再加'ion')

      describe—description描寫,描繪 (這是特例,不規則變化) 

      (e)在動詞詞尾加上-ance變成名詞

      例如:     appear—appearance (外貌;出現)

      perform—performance (演出)

      accept—acceptance (接受)

      (f)在動詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞 (方法與動詞變為現在分詞的方法相同)

      例如:meet—meeting       build—building         wait—waiting              

      bathe—bathing       say—saying(諺語)    mean—meaning

      end —ending           train —training          wash—washing

      注意:以重讀閉音節結尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ing

      如:swim—swimming   shop—shopping    begin—beginning 

      (g)其他一些比較特殊的變化

      例如:     Beg(乞討)—beggar(乞丐)             behave(行為舉止)—behavior

      know(知道)—knowledge(知識)        fly—flight (飛行)

      heat (加熱)—heat(熱量)              hit (撞擊)—hit( 轟動一時的人或物,碰撞)

      mix (混合)—mixture(混合物)         press(按,壓)—pressure(壓力)

      sit(坐)—seat (座位)                 succeed—success(成功)

      tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)

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