中國學生在寫英語作文時容易受到漢語表達的影響,而且缺乏對英語習慣表達法的熟練運用,寫出各種各樣的病句也就不足為奇了。 熊爸老師根據學生作文中經常出現的錯誤將病句原因作了歸類整理,同學們只有對癥下藥,才可以盡可能地用地道英語表達自己的觀點。 語病一:搭配錯誤英語中的很多短語有不同的習慣搭配,隨意更換會導致表達上的錯誤。 例1:你若對我們的產品感興趣,請與我們聯系。 F: If you are interested with our products, please contact us. T: If you are interested in our products, please contact us. 分析:表示“對……感興趣”be interested后習慣搭配介詞in,而不搭配介詞with。 例2:他忙著做家庭作業。 F:He is busy to do his homework. T:He is busy doing his homework. 分析:英語中表示“忙于做某事”,be busy后習慣上與動詞的-ing形式搭配,而不與不定式搭配。 語病二:表達句式錯誤錯用英語句式多半是受漢語意思或漢語結構的影響。 例1:這個問題對我來說很難回答。 F:I am difficult to answer the question. T:It is difficult for me to answer the question. 分析:在英語中,要表示“某人很難做某事”,可以說It is difficult for sb. to do sth.但不能說sb. is difficult to do sth. 例2:在媽媽的幫助下,我完成了家庭作業。 F:After the help of my mother, I finished my homework. T:With the help of my mother, I finished my homework. 分析:“在某人的幫助下”用英語表達為with the help of sb.,不要受漢語習慣影響錯用介詞after。 例3:他設法對父親隱瞞事實真相。 F:He tried to hide the truth to his father. T:He tried to hide the truth from his father. 分析:用英語表達“對某人隱瞞”實際上是免于讓某人知道,所以介詞用from,不能用to。 語病三:成分殘缺因不了解某些詞匯的詞性或受中文表達的影響等原因,在寫英語句子時會犯成分殘缺的語病。 例1:別害怕,他們會保護你的。 F:Don’t afraid, and they will protect you. T:Don’t be afraid, and they will protect you. 分析:要弄清楚afraid的詞性,是形容詞,不是動詞,故在don’t后面要加上系動詞be。 例2:這是一本很有趣的故事書,我覺得你會喜歡的。 F:This is a very interesting storybook, and I think you will like. T:This is a very interesting storybook, and I think you will like it. 分析:句中“你會喜歡的”實際上是指“你會喜歡它(這本故事書)的”。在中文表達中,這個作賓語的“它”可以省略,但在英文中這個“它”不能省略,因為like是及物動詞,其后必須要跟賓語。 語病四:語義重復語義重復,顧名思義是指重復使用了意思相同的詞或短語。 例:這是她最喜歡的顏色之一。 F:This is one of her most favorite colors. T:This is one of her favorite colors. 分析:favorite本身就表示“最喜歡的”,若再與most連用,就會造成語義重復。 語病五:語序錯誤錯用語序的情況一般出現在:①在賓語從句中誤用疑問語序;②受中文表達順序的影響;③被英語相似結構誤導。 例1:杰克問他們是否有棉制的羊毛衣。 F:Jack asked if did they have a cotton sweater. T:Jack asked if they had a cotton sweater. 分析:句中if引導的是賓語從句,要用陳述句語序,不能用疑問句語序。 例2:給孩子們準備了豐富的食物和飲料。 F:The children were plentifully supplied with drink and food. T:The children were plentifully supplied with food and drink. 分析:“飲食”在漢語中常常先說“飲”后說“食”,但在英語習慣中恰恰相反,要先說“食”后說“飲”。 例3:使我最驚訝的是他期末考試沒有及格。 F:What was surprised me most that he failed in the final exam. T:What surprised me most was that he failed in the final exam. 分析:此句中的surprised是動詞,不是形容詞。不要誤認為surprised一定要與be連用。 語病六:錯用時態或語態錯用時態主要是因為對句中動作或事情發生的時間把握不準或對時態的特殊用法不夠了解;而混淆時態則是因為對動作的對象和謂語動詞的關系理解不準確。 例1:據說這所學校是三年前建的。 F:It is said that this school has been built three years ago. T:It is said that this school was built three years ago. 分析:由three years ago可知句中謂語動作發生在過去,時態要用一般過去時,而非現在完成時。 例2:我躺在床上。 F:On the bed was lain by me. T:I lay on the bed. 分析:lay、lain分別為動詞lie作“躺、臥”時的過去式、過去分詞,lie意為“躺”時是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態。 |
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