高考完形填空的解題技巧【請勿外傳】

完形填空的解題技巧

完形填空題是一種集知識和能力為一體，立意新、要求高的綜合性語言測試題。它是一種高難度的障礙性閱讀題，此題旨在測試學生的綜合應用語言能力，同時又檢測他們的分析判斷能力和連貫性思維能力。

（一）完形填空題的題型特點

1. 首句完整

“完形填空”所選短文一般無標題，但首句通常不設空，目的是讓考生迅速進入主題，熟悉語言環境，建立正確的思維導向。

2. 語境選擇

近幾年的高考完形填空題主要考查考生對上下文的理解，要求考生通過語境來作出選擇。“語境能力型”試題具有相當難度，因為完形填空所給的四個選項往往在語法方面都能成立，錯誤選項多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某種搭配，極具干擾和迷惑作用。做完形填空題，需要我們立足語篇環境，樹立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語境角度來選擇答案。

3. 動名為主

完形填空所給的選項一般是同一詞類，或屬同一范疇。測試點往往集中于某些詞類。高考完形填空題考查動詞（5—8個）、名詞（4—6個）、然后是形容詞，副詞等。而介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞則相對考得較少。這是因為現在的完形填空主要考察語境，而在通常情況下只有實詞才能較好地體現語境。

4. 難處暗示

難選之處前后多有暗示。這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說前面的填空從當時的情況來看，或是線索不清，或是語境不明，無法填出，但只要我們繼續往下讀，我們就會發現此空在后面的某個地方有暗示。

5. 選材適中

近幾年來的高考完型填空題材多為具有一定故事情節的記敘文或具有一定哲理和教育意義，夾敘夾議，以敘為主的議論文。詞數在200-300之間。設空距離為10個詞左右。短文內容結構嚴謹，邏輯性強，層次分明。材料難度與高三教材相當，所選短文的英語語言符合高三學生的實際水平。

(二) 完型填空題解題步驟

1. 細讀首句，預測主題

“完形填空”所選短文一般無標題，但首句通常不設空，目的是讓考生迅速進入主題，建立正確的思維導向。同時也不可忽視尾句前后呼應的作用。

2. 通讀全文，試選答案

根據全文大意，以全文為背景，把所給四個選項分別套入空格所在的句子中試填，初步完形空格。試填選項時，一定要注意在語境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的內容聯系和邏輯關系。在閱讀全文時，不要忽略連接詞、代詞、插入語、轉折語等的作用。因為這些詞往往是改變語境的關鍵詞，具有因果、讓步、遞進、轉折、指代、列舉、承上啟下的特殊功能。

如：but, yet, however, whereas, while 等表示轉折或對比；besides, moreover,what is more等表示信息增加; so, so that, therefore, as a result等表示推理結果。平時練習中要注意分辨這類詞的細微差別，這樣才有利于保證選項的準確性。要弄清空格處待填的是什么詞、起何作用，同時也要注意習慣表達法，語法知識等，從而篩選出符合文意的選項。

4. 細讀全文，推敲難題

有些空格在初步完形時就可以定局，可部分空格答案還不明朗。做到這一步，我們已能將短文中被挖去的詞“復位”了一些，對語境的了解更清晰，更準確了。我們要充分利用這一有利條件，聯系上下文意，根據常識，運用邏輯推理，結合語境和已選答案所提供的信息，對候選項再次進行仔細推敲，縝密考慮，選出最佳答案。若有些答案實在難以確定，可采用“排除法”，首先排除在語法或內容上明顯不符合要求的答案，然后再比較、定奪?？砂纯崭袼谖恢?，從詞語搭配、上下文意、習慣用法、詞義辨析和語法結構等方面，耐心細致地逐項分析，以求對應?？上茸x所要填詞的句子，復讀上一句，兼顧下一句，即“瞻前顧后”，確保答案的準確無誤

2019年海淀區高三一模英語

第二節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

AGame of Light and Shade

It was a sunny day. Ihad gone up and down the tower when, outside the door at the foot, a blind mancame toward me. In a moment, he disappeared up the stairs. I looked at the signthat said “To the Tower”, and decided to ___11___ him.

I caught up with himin the ticket office. There I was ___12___ to see the attendant (工作人員) selling him a ticket as if he were any other visitor. Then, withthe ticket in one hand and ___13___ the wall with the fingers of theother, the blind man reached the stairs ___14___ to the hallway.

“That man is blind.What would a blind man climb up the tower for?” I said to the attendant,expecting him to show some ___15___, but he didn’t answer.

“Not the ___16___certainly,” I said. “Perhaps he wants to ___17___.”

I bought a ticket and___18___ up the stairs. The man hadn’t gone as far as I___19___.A third of the way up the tower, I heard his ___20___. I slowed down andfollowed him at a little ___21___. He stopped from time to time. When hegot to the balcony (陽臺), I was a dozen steps ___22___.As I reached it, I saw him at the corner of the tower.

At last, after tenminutes, I ___23___ him. “Excuse me,” I said as politely as I could,“but I am curious to know ___24___ you came up.”

He smiled. “Coming upthe stairs, you will notice how not just light but sun___25___ into thetower through the narrow windows here and there, so that you can feel the ___26___—thecool stairs suddenly become quite warm—and how up here behind the wall there is___27___, but as soon as going opposite a window you can find the sun.There is no ___28___ so good as this for feeling the difference betweenlight and shade. It is not the first time I’ve come up.”

The blind man seemedquite ___29___, just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games.He told me the truth that blind men can also find the beauty in life___30___they cannot enjoy the sights of the world.

11.A. accept B. follow

C. control D. visit

12.A. frightened B. disappointed

C. surprised D. embarrassed

13.A. touching B. climbing

C. hitting D. covering

14.A. pointing B. attaching

C. contributing D. leading

15.A. respect B. doubt

C. concern D. sympathy

16.A. view B. test

C. prize D. trick

17.A. kick B. jump

C. relax D. escape

18.A. struggled B. explored

C. wandered D. hurried

19.A. promised B. examined

C. imagined D. confirmed

20.A. steps B. words

C. secrets D. cheers

21.A. standard B. distance

C. expense D. intention

22.A. ahead B. around

C. outside D. behind

23.A. recognized B. surrounded

C. approached D. witnessed

24.A. why B. how

C. when D. whether

25.A. knocks B. pours

C. slides D. bursts

26.A. trend B. reaction

C. change D. honor

27.A. light B. space

C. mess D. shade

28.A. place B. signal

C. object D. period

29.A. nervous B. content

C. curious D. patient

30.A. unless B. because

C. once D. although

【答案】11.B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者跟隨著一位盲人登塔，盲人告訴他盡管盲人們無法享受世界上的風景，但他們也能找到生活里的美。

【點睛】本文小題20考查了上下文狀語從句連詞，根據句意可知上下文之間是轉折關系，要用although引導讓步狀語從句。在完成完形填空時，我們要探究前后邏輯，確定連接詞匯 ；連接詞是構成語篇的紐帶，也是相關語句信息的結合點。命題人常在這些“關節”上設置題目，考查學生的語用能力。因此，考生在解題時，要仔細分析，推理前后的邏輯關系，確定最佳選項。

例1： She had excellent grades,__24__she always thought that something was missing.

（天津卷）

24. A. or B. so C. for D. but

析： 根據空前的excellent grades和空后的always和something was missing，可推知“她”成績雖突出，可對生活仍不滿足，故選擇轉折連詞but，答案為D。

例2： “Would you mind telling me when you are thinking of leaving?__40__are you going to sit in your car all day?” （全國卷II）

40. A. For B. Or C. But D. So

析：根據空前的leaving和空后的sit in your car all day，說明對方在詢問并讓“我”做出選擇，從而推知答案為表示選擇關系的連詞or。

2019年東城區高三一模英語

第二節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Duringmy second year in high school, I got sick and missed a few days. When I ___11___, I was greeted with two essays due, three daysof math and history homework, plus several tests. ___12___ I went home from school that day exhausted, I had to stay upreally late to finish them all.

Thenext day at school, I got a rude awakening: I’d totally forgotten to preparefor the ___13___ on Romeoand Juliet, which I’d take ___14___ my lunch hour! Worsestill, I had ___15___ the in-class discussion and all the notes. Whenlunch came, I went to the English room to face my certain doom(厄運).All I could do was try to ___16___ on the questions Ididn’t know.

Asit turned out, I didn’t know the majority of the questions. I was just about togive ___17___ when my pencil accidentally fell and broke.Standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil, I ___18___ down and there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test! What good fortune! I can kiss good-bye toall my ___19___ offailing the test! My heart started beating, and my brain ___20___, Yes!Read over the answers—quickly! This was quickly followed by another voice, No! You’ll get caught!My mind turningback and forth, Yes! No! Yes! No! …Thiswent on for ten of the ___21___ seconds in my entirelife.

Finally,I decided to finish the test on my own, without ___22___! I was satisfied with my decision but pretty ___23___ I had failed the test.

Thenext day when I walked into the English room, my great joy of having been an ___24___ soul changed into a wave of doom as I saw mytest paper lying face down on my desk. I knew what awaited me. I stared at it afew seconds before I got up the ___25___ to turn it over.

Youcan only imagine my ___26___ when I learned that Ihad passed the test! I have never in my whole life been so happy to see my ___27___, a C-.

Mymom says the victories that ___28___ the most courage arewon within. Now I know ___29___ what she means. Now notonly can my conscience(良心) rest easy, but I don’t have to worry aboutgetting caught and meeting a sad ___30___ like Romeo and Juliet.

11. A. arrived B. returned

C. appeared D. finished

12. A. If B. Because

C. Until D. Although

13. A. lecture B. essay

C. play D. test

14. A. by B. upon

C. over D. toward

15. A. missed B. carried

C. lost D. dropped

16. A. depend B. agree

C. guess D. improve

17. A. in B. off

C. out D. away

18. A. wrote B. settled

C. calmed D. looked

19. A. boredom B. worries

C. loneliness D. tiredness

20. A. whispered B. warned

C. persuaded D. chanted

21. A. coldest B. saddest

C. longest D. fastest

22. A. suffering B. checking

C. cheating D. thinking

23. A. certain B. regretful

C. annoyed D. relieved

24. A. open B. honest

C. optimistic D. energetic

25. A. wisdom B. encouragement

C. intention D.nerve

26. A. anxiety B. shock

C. fear D. appreciation

27. A. paper B. credit

C. rate D. grade

28. A. take B. put

C. find D. gain

29. A. gradually B. exactly

C. willingly D. seemingly

30. A. film B. fact

C. ending D. love

【答案】11.B 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者由于生病缺席了課業，結果忘了準備一次測試，只能靠猜答案來做題。在考試途中作者的筆偶然摔斷了，因此在黑板旁邊削筆時發現可以看到答案，因此內心掙扎要不要靠作弊來通過考試。結果作者還是誠實地完成了測試，本以為一定會不及格，結果得到了C-的故事。

2019年豐臺區高三一模英語

第二節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

“Come on, Cindy!”Darcy sounded so impatient, “We’ll be late for class.”

“Darcy, I can’t findmy ____11____.” I dropped my book bag to dig throughmy coat pockets. “My money was in it.”

“Someone took it.”Darcy said. As usual, she was quick to point away from the ____12____side of things. “Oh. I’m sure I justmisplaced it.” I hoped. Even though we were best friends, Darcy and I were justso____13____.

We rushed into class.Darcy ____14____the newsabout the theft. By last period in gym class, I was____15____ of having to say over and over again, “I’m sureI just left it at home.”

After gym, we wentinto the locker room. I was changing ____16____ I heard a gasp fromDarcy. I looked at her and found her face was white with____17____. There, at her feet, was my wallet.

“It fell out of herlocker!” Darcy pointed at Juanita, a “new girl” in our class. “She ____18____it.”

Everyone began to ____19____Juanita at once.

“Darcy caught herred-handed.”

“Report her!”

I looked over atJuanita. She picked up the wallet and held it out to me. Her hands were ____20____.“I found it in the parking lot. I was going to give it to you.”

Darcy spit the words“I’m so sure!” at her.

“Really, it’s true.”Juanita’s eyes began to fill with tears.

I ____21____for my wallet. I didn’t know what to think, ____22____ when I lookedover at Darcy, herattitude made mesick inside. I looked at Juanita. She was scared but looked____23____. I knew I held her____24____in myhands.

“I am so glad youfound it,” I smiled. “Thanks, Juanita.”

The____25____around us broke.

“Good thing she foundit,” everyone but Darcy____26____.

“If there is anymoney left in your wallet.”

“Not now. Darcy!”

“You are so naive!”

It wasn’t untilothers left there that I opened my wallet.

“It’s all here.” Icouldn’t help but feel ____27____. A folded piece of paper flutteredfrom my wallet. I opened it to see what it was.

“She just didn’t havetime to ____28____ it yet.”

“Darcy, maybe youspend too much time ____29____people.”

Darcy grabbed thenote, read it and threw it back at me. “Whatever!” she said and stomped off. Iknew that something had____30____between us.

I read the noteagain.

Cindy,

I found your wallet in the parking lot. Hope nothing is missing.

Juanita

P.S. My phone number is 55-3218. Maybe you could call me sometime.

And I did.

11.A. coat B. book

C. pen D. wallet

12.A. serious B. bright

C. funny D. opposite

13.A. close B. strange

C. different D. independent

14.A. spread B. heard

C. watched D. made

15.A. afraid B. proud

C. tired D. fond

16.A. since B. after

C. before D. when

17.A. shame B. shock

C. shyness D. sadness

18.A. got B. lost

C. stole D. brought

19.A. accuse B. comfort

C. warn D. help

20.A. rising B. waving

C. clapping D. trembling

21.A. reached B. looked

C. paid D. searched

22.A. so B. but

C. for D. or

23.A. excited B. modest

C. sincere D. pleased

24.A. reputation B. confidence

C. wealth D. regret

25.A. trust B. peace

C. balance D. tension

26.A. agreed B. promised

C. hesitated D. admitted

27.A. relaxed B. relieved

C. disappointed D. disturbed

28.A. return B. lend

C. find D. empty

29.A. persuading B. numbering

C. understanding D. transforming

30.A. left B. united

C. broken D. recovered

【答案】11.D;12. B;13. C;14. A;15. C;16. D;17. B;18. C;19. A;20. D;21. A;22. B;23. C;24.A;25. D;26. A;27. B;28. D;29. B;30. C;

【解析】本文是一篇哲理故事。作者的錢包從新來的女孩Juanita儲物柜里掉出來，作者的好朋友Darcy認為就是她偷的，而女孩說是在停車場發現的，正要還給失主。作者相信女孩說的話，而Darcy堅決不同意，她看了女孩留在錢包里的紙條后跺腳走了。作者感到她們之間某種東西已經破裂了【分析】本文的作者因為丟了一個錢包，被一個新生撿到，為了這件事情我和Darcy有著不同的觀點。

【點評】做完型填空首先要通讀全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格，所以，必須先通讀一至兩遍，才能大概了解文章的內容．千萬不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．選擇答案時，要考慮整個句子的內容，包括搭配、時態、語法等．答案全部填完后，再通讀一遍文章，檢查是否通順流暢了，用詞得當，意思正確．

劉凱老師介紹：

劉凱，男，蒙古族，黑龍江省齊齊哈爾人。本科為哈爾濱師范大學英語系，碩士為華中師范大學漢語言文學。

北京市優秀青年教師，北京市級重點高中示范校骨干教師，多年高中一線執教經驗，高三年級把關教師，多次參與東城區模擬試題命題工作，教學理念先進，教學成果突出，多篇教學論文獲市區級獎項。教育部課題研究員，參與國家十二五課題計劃，并作出突出貢獻，參與初中、高中各年級區級試題的命制，多次承擔區級和市級研究課任務。東城區及北京市科技英語優秀指導教師，所帶學生在各級英語口語、作文競賽中多次獲獎；劉凱老師將扎實的英語基本功和嚴謹的學術思想作為教學的基礎，課堂上善于寓教于樂，信息量大，內容豐富，使學生在和諧的課堂氣氛下欣賞英語、享受英語、掌握英語、運用英語。

曾多次參加高考閱卷工作，參與人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各類高考教學用書的編寫工作，有豐富的備考經驗。

2009-2012年期間，多次受邀在北京廣播電臺主持英語高考大綱解析及英語新課程改革節目，兼具偶像派與實力派特點，教風親切灑脫，詼諧幽默，思維開闊，屢有奇思妙想，善于引導學生學以致用，對高考動向把握極其準確，深受學生和家長歡迎。

美國亞利桑那大學訪問學者，澳大利亞新蘭威爾士大學ESL研修。尤其擅長英語語法和單詞記憶法。

2018年加州理工學院語言學雙學位獲得者。講授科目有長難句、翻譯、四六級考試、寫作。在2014、2015、2016、2017四年考研中，接受其培訓的所有考生中有近萬名考生取得高分。

資深考研培訓講師；

英語四六級考試天團高級講師；

雅思閱讀、雅思寫作培訓主講名師；

六級考試閱卷組成員；

深諳命題規律和解題套路，對英語的學習規律和方法見解獨特。

帶給學生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是對英語領悟和感知的突破。純正的英音、獨到的見解、睿智的思維和輕松幽默的語言，為其贏得了廣大學生的認同和喜愛。

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