The Best Way to Learn Anything: The Feynman Technique
學(xué)習(xí)的最佳方式：Feynman技巧
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There are only four short steps to implementing the Feynman Technique.
實(shí)踐Feynman技巧只需四個步驟
Step 1: Choose a Concept
Now this can be anything from gravity to world history. It works for everything. Now take out a blank sheet of paper and write the subject you want to learn at the top.
第一步：選擇一個概念
選擇的概念可以是任何事，哪怕是重力或者世界史！這個方法適用于一切事物。現(xiàn)在拿出一張白紙寫下你最想學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)科。
Step 2: Teach It
Write out everything you know about the subject as if you were teaching it to someone else. Not your smart friend but rather a toddler. This may sound silly but this part is incredibly important and has worked wonders for me learning new things.
第2步：教
寫出你所知道的有關(guān)這個學(xué)科的所有知識點(diǎn)，就像你打算去教給別人一般。他不是你很聰明的朋友，而是一個什么都不懂的小孩。這聽起來有點(diǎn)傻乎乎的，但這卻是難以置信的重要。并且讓人驚訝的指引著我學(xué)習(xí)新東西。
When I used to learn new subjects I would explain them with complicated vocabulary and jargon. The problem with this approach is that I was fooling myself. I didn’t know that I didn’t understand. And often, because I was using the right vocabulary, my lack of understanding was obscured from my teachers.
以前當(dāng)我打算學(xué)習(xí)某項(xiàng)新學(xué)科時，我就會用復(fù)雜的詞匯和術(shù)語來解釋。這種方法的問題是我會把自己變笨。我自己都不知道我不懂！而且常常由于我在用正確的詞匯，而有限的領(lǐng)悟力常常會被老師弄的更加模糊。
When you write out the idea from start to finish in simple language that a toddler can understand (tip: use only the most common words) you force yourself to understand the concept and you get a clear understanding of where you might have some gaps.
當(dāng)你從頭到尾都以一個孩子能理解的簡單的語言來描寫時（技巧：僅用最普通的文字），你就能逼著自己理解概念，而且你還有可能把你原來卡殼的部分也理解的更透徹。
Step 3: Go Back
In step two you will inevitably encounter gaps in your knowledge where you’re forgetting something important, not able to explain it, or simply have trouble connecting an important concept. This is valuable feedback and where the learning starts to happen. When you get stuck go back to the source material and re-learn it.
第3步，回顧
在第二步里，你一定能數(shù)出你知識體系里的那些你記不住的要點(diǎn)，沒法解釋，或者僅僅是對于關(guān)聯(lián)重要概念遇到麻煩。這是有價(jià)值的反饋，那些地方通常是學(xué)習(xí)的開始。當(dāng)你卡住了，就返回到原文那重新學(xué)習(xí)一下！
For example, if you’ve got a biology test coming up and you’re having problems explaining evolution in simple terms, open up the biology book and start re-reading the section on evolution.
例如，如果你即將參加一個生物考試，對于簡單的解釋進(jìn)化論遇到了問題。那么打開生物書并且開始重新閱讀有關(guān)進(jìn)化論章節(jié)的內(nèi)容。
Now close the book, take out a new blank piece of paper and explain the sub-idea (in this case evolution) that you were having problems with using the Feynman Technique. Once you can do that return to your original sheet of paper and continue.
現(xiàn)在合上書拿出一張白紙，用Feynman技巧寫下你要解釋的替代的用語（這個例子里就是進(jìn)化論的替代用語）。一旦你能寫出來，那么就回到你剛開始拿出來的那張白紙，繼續(xù)寫下去。
Step 4: Review and Simplify
Now you have a set of hand-crafted notes. Review them to make sure you didn’t borrow any of the jargon from the source material. Read them out loud. If the explanation isn’t simple or sounds confusing that’s a good indication that you’re understanding in that area needs some work. Also try creating analogies.
第四步，復(fù)習(xí)和簡化
現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)有了一套手工制作的記事本了。復(fù)習(xí)一下，而且要確信你不會從原文里摘錄任何術(shù)語。大聲朗讀，如果那個解釋不夠簡單，或者聽起來有點(diǎn)迷糊，那說明那些地方你的理解還需要再琢磨琢磨。還可以試試類比！
小結(jié)：最喜歡的一句話
This is valuable feedback and where the learning starts to happen. When you get stuck go back to the source material and re-learn it.
這句話說明了一個很好的方法，遇到不懂的地方多回頭看幾遍。事實(shí)上這篇文章里有好幾句話我就是用了這個方法回去看了幾次，才弄明白。
PS：本文翻譯的原文為“清晨朗讀會”269篇文章。作者為物理學(xué)家 Richard Feynman 。我也是讀了這篇文章后才知道費(fèi)曼的成就原來這么大，下面羅列的他的一些簡介。
