國際海上避碰規則經典筆記---第6條：安全航速

第 六 條    Rule 6

安全航速    Safe Speed

每一船在任何時候都應以安全航速行駛，以便能采取適當而有效的避碰行動，并能在適合當時環境和情況的距離以內把船停住。

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

在決定安全航速時，考慮的因素中應包括下列各點：

In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:

1．對所有船舶：

(a) By all vessels:

  （1）能見度情況；

   (i)The state of visibility;

  （2）通航密度，包括漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；

   (ii) The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;

  （3）船舶的操縱性能，特別是在當時情況下的沖程和旋回性能；

   (iii) The manageability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;

  （4）夜間出現的背景亮光，諸如來自岸上的燈光或本船燈光的反向散射；

   (iv) At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter from her own lights;

  （5）風、浪和流的狀況以及靠近航海危險物的情況；

   (v) The state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;

  （6）吃水與可用水深的關系。

   (vi) The draft in relation to the available depth of water.

2．對備有可使用的雷達的船舶，還應考慮：

(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

  （1）雷達設備的特性、效率和局限性；

   (i) The characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;

  （2）所選用的雷達距離標尺帶來的任何限制；

   (ii) Any constrains imposed by the radar range scale in use;

  （3）海況、天氣和其他干擾源對雷達探測的影響；

   (iii) The effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;

  （4）在適當距離內，雷達對小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探測不到的可能性；

   (iv) The possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;

  （5）雷達探測到的船舶數目、位置和動態；

   (v) The number location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

  （6）當用雷達測定附近船舶或其他物體的距離時，可能對能見度作出更確切的估計。

   (vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.