對于ARDS患者來說,選擇最合適PEEP水平,有利于開放萎陷的肺泡和預防相對正常/已開放的陷閉肺區過度膨脹。 圖1 PEEP與肺泡通氣 ![]() 一、PEEP的生理學效應 ![]() 圖2 陷閉肺區的肺泡-吸氣期擴張,呼氣期完全回縮
但在過高的PEEP水平也可能導致不良影響,如在相對正常肺區。
![]() ![]() 二、PEEP的滴定 1. PEEP-FiO2表格 ![]() 2. 氧合情況 3. 靜態順應性 ![]() 圖4 順應性與PEEP 圖4-a曲線中,肺容積增長最快的點即被認為肺順應性最好的點。 4. 壓力-容積曲線 ![]() 5. 牽張指數
![]() 6. 食道壓 ![]() 7. 肺部超聲 圖8 ARDS肺部超聲圖像 9. 電阻抗成像 ![]() 參考文獻 [1] Hess DR. Recruitment Maneuvers and PEEP Titration[J]. Respir Care, 2015, 60(11):1688-1704. [2] Sahetya SK. Searching for the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure for lung protective ventilation[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2020, 26(1):53-58. [3] Kacmarek RM, Villar J. Management of refractory hypoxemia in ARDS[J]. Minerva Anestesiol, 2013, 79(10):1173-1179. [4] Brower RG, Lanken PN, MacIntyre N, et al. Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 351(4):327-336. [5] Pettenuzzo T, Boscolo A, De Cassai A, et al. Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Crit Care, 2021, 25(1):247. [6] Bello G, Blanco P. Lung Ultrasonography for Assessing Lung Aeration in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Narrative Review[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2019, 38(1):27-37. [7] Pintado MC, de Pablo R, Trascasa M, et al. Individualized PEEP setting in subjects with ARDS: a randomized controlled pilot study[J]. Respir Care, 2013, 58(9):1416-1423. [8] Akoumianaki E, Maggiore SM, Valenza F, et al. The application of esophageal pressure measurement in patients with respiratory failure[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014, 189(5):520-531. [9] Chiumello D, Cressoni M, Carlesso E, et al. Bedside selection of positive end-expiratory pressure in mild, moderate, and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Crit Care Med, 2014, 42(2):252-264. 聲明: |
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