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    Sorbitol[?s??b??t?l]...

     慶祝我447 2025-08-29

    Sorbitol[?s??b??t?l] 山梨糖醇;山梨醇, 糖醇sugar alcohols, 穩定賦形劑stabilizing excipients, 保濕劑humectants、增稠劑thickeners和膳食補充劑dietary supplements

    英文名Sorbitol、D-Glucitol、Sorbol、D-Sorbitol。分子式是C6H14O6,分子量為182.17。為白色吸濕性粉末或晶狀粉末、片狀或顆粒,無臭。CAS登錄號50-70-4 依結晶條件不同,熔點在88~102℃范圍內變化,相對密度約1.49。易溶于水(1g 溶于約0.45mL水中),微溶于乙醇乙酸。有清涼的甜味,甜度約為蔗糖的一半,熱值與蔗糖相近。食品工業中多為69~71%含量的山梨糖醇液。毒性試驗顯示,內服過量會引起腹瀉和消化紊亂。山梨糖醇液是含67%~73% D-山梨糖醇的水溶液。D-山梨糖醇液為無色,透明稠狀液體。依結晶條件不同,熔點在88~102℃范圍內變化,相對密度約1.49。山梨糖醇液為清亮無色糖漿狀液體,有甜味,對石蕊呈中性,可與水、甘油和丙二醇混溶。D-山梨糖醇有清涼的甜味,其甜度約為蔗糖的50%-70%。1g D-山梨糖醇在人體內產生16.7kJ熱量。食用后在血液內不轉化為葡萄糖,也不受胰島素影響。D-山梨糖醇具有良好的保濕性能,可使食品保持一定的水分,防止干燥,還可防止糖,鹽等析出結晶,能保持甜,酸,苦味強度的平衡,增強食品的風味,由于它是不揮發的多元醇,所以還有保持食品香氣的功能。山梨糖醇制法:以食用葡萄糖為原料,在鎳催化劑存在下,經加氫反應而得。Sorbitol preparation method: edible glucose is used as raw material, and it is obtained by hydrogenation reaction in the presence of nickel catalyst.山梨糖醇有吸濕,保水作用.

    50%或70%山梨醇水溶液,呈黏稠狀透明液體,有旋光性,略有甜味,具有吸濕性,能溶解多種金屬,高溫下不穩定。能參與酐化、酯化、醚化、氧化、還原和異構化等反應,并能與多種金屬形成絡合物50% or 70% sorbitol aqueous solution, viscous transparent liquid, optical rotation, slightly sweet, hygroscopic, can dissolve a variety of metals, unstable at high temperature. It can participate in anhydride, esterification, etherification, oxidation, reduction and isomerization reactions, and can form complexes with a variety of metals

    Sorbitol aqueous solution can dissolve a variety of metals, particularly in the context of its use as a solvent or in chemical reactions.山梨醇水溶液可以溶解多種金屬(Cr.Cu.Fe),特別是在用作溶劑或化學反應的情況下。Sorbitol can dissolve a variety of metals due to its high solubility in alcohol and the presence of six hydroxyl groups in its structure, which allows it to form water-soluble chelates with many divalent and trivalent metal ions in strongly acidic and basic media5. This ability to form chelates is crucial for the dissolution of metals, as it enables the solvent to interact with and extract the metals from their compounds.山梨醇在醇中的高溶解度以及其結構中存在六個羥基,因此可以溶解多種金屬,這使得它能夠在強酸性和堿性介質中與許多二價和三價金屬離子形成水溶性螯合物5。這種形成螯合物的能力對于金屬的溶解至關重要,因為它使溶劑能夠與它們的化合物相互作用并從其化合物中提取金屬。Sorbitol is an odorless powder that is white or almost colorless. Various grades based on particle size are available, and it is obtained in various forms such as flakes, granules, pellets, or powder. Sorbitol is a hexahydric alcohol that is isomeric with mannitol.山梨醇是一種無味的粉末,呈白色或幾乎無色。根據粒度提供各種等級,并以各種形式獲得,例如片狀、顆粒、顆粒或粉末。山梨醇是一種與甘露醇同分異構的六元醇。

    SolubilitySoluble in water (235g/100g water, 25°C), glycerin, propylene glycol, slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, phenol and acetamide solutions. Almost insoluble in most other organic solvents.

    溶解性 溶于水(235g/100g水,25°C)、甘油、丙二醇,微溶于甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、苯酚和乙酰胺溶液。幾乎不溶于大多數其他有機溶劑。




    • It can be used in hydrodeoxygenation processes with metals like platinum1.In this paper, we have identified the reaction intermediates and reaction chemistry for the aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of sorbitol over a bifunctional catalyst (Pt/SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3) that contains both metal (Pt) and acid (SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3) sites.它可用于鉑等金屬的加氫脫氧過程1。在本文中,我們確定了山梨醇在包含金屬 (Pt鉑 ) 和酸 (SiO 2 – Al 2 O 3) 位點的雙功能催化劑 (Pt/SiO 2二氧化硅 –Al 2 O 3鋁氧) 上進行水相加氫脫氧的反應中間體和反應化學。

    • 二氧化硅 (化學式:SiO?)是一種酸性氧化物,對應水化物為硅酸(H?SiO?)化學性質比較穩定。不溶于水也不跟水反應。是酸性氧化物,不跟一般酸反應。氣態氟化氫跟二氧化硅反應生成氣態四氟化硅。跟熱的濃強堿溶液或熔化的堿反應生成硅酸鹽和水。有機顏(染)料雖具有鮮艷的色彩和很強的著色力,但一般耐光、耐熱、耐溶劑和耐遷移性能往往不及無機顏料。通過添加氣相二氧化硅對有機顏(染)料進行表面改性處理,不但使顏(染)料抗老化性能大幅提高,而且亮度、色調和飽和度等指標也均出現一定程度的提高用作抗結劑、消泡劑、增稠劑、助濾劑、澄清劑。

    • 原理:氫氟酸腐蝕二氧化硅無定形二氧化硅可作為吸附劑來使用

    • Al 2 O 3鋁氧Aluminum oxide中文名稱:鋁氧,三氧化二鋁,剛玉CAS No.:1344-28-1用作分析試劑,有機溶        劑的脫水,吸附劑,有機反應催化劑。研磨劑拋光 劑。冶煉鋁的原料。耐火材料。性狀:難溶于水的白色固體,為中性氧化物。無臭。無味。質極硬。易吸潮而不潮解(灼燒過的不吸濕)。兩性氧化物,能溶于無機酸和堿性溶液中,幾乎不溶于水及非極性有機溶劑。相對密度(d204)4.0。熔點約2000℃。

    • Sorbitol can facilitate the transformation of metals in aqueous solutions, as seen in biofuel production processes2.In this paper, we have identified the reaction intermediates and reaction chemistry for the aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of sorbitol over a bifunctional catalyst (Pt/SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3) that contains both metal (Pt) and acid (SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3) sites.山梨醇可以促進金屬在水溶液中的轉化,如生物燃料生產過程中所見2。在本文中,我們確定了山梨醇在包含金屬 (Pt) 和酸 (SiO 2 – Al 2 O 3) 位點的雙功能催化劑 (Pt/SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3) 上進行水相加氫脫氧的反應中間體和反應化學。

    • It is also used to prepare solutions for various applications, including the dissolution of metals4.Organic solvents for dissolution of metals can offer a solution when aqueous systems fail, such as separation of metals from metal oxides, because both the metal and metal oxide could codissolve in aqueous acidic solutions.Thus, sorbitol is effective in dissolving metals in aqueous solutions.它還用于制備各種應用的溶液,包括金屬的溶解4。當水性體系失效時,用于溶解金屬的有機溶劑可以提供解決方案,例如金屬與金屬氧化物的分離,因為金屬和金屬氧化物都可以在酸性水溶液中共溶。因此,山梨醇可有效溶解水溶液中的金屬。

    • Oxidative Dissolution of Metals in Organic Solvents金屬在有機溶劑中的氧化溶解

    • both the metal and metal oxide could codissolve in aqueous acidic solutions.金屬和金屬氧化物均可共溶于酸性水溶液。organic media (conventional molecular organic solvents, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide) for oxidative dissolution of metals in different application areas.有機介質(常規分子有機溶劑、離子液體、低共熔溶劑和超臨界二氧化碳),用于不同應用領域中金屬的氧化溶解。
      The reaction mechanisms of dissolution processes are discussed for various lixiviant systems which generally consist of oxidizing agents, chelating agents, and solvents. Different oxidizing agents for dissolution of metals are reviewed such as halogens, halogenated organics, donor–acceptor electron-transfer systems, polyhalide ionic liquids,
      討論了各種 lixiviant 系統(通常由氧化劑、螯合劑和溶劑組成)的溶解過程的反應機理。綜述了用于金屬溶解的不同氧化劑,例如鹵素、鹵代有機物、供體-受體電子轉移系統、聚鹵化物離子液體、Lixiviant systems are liquid media used in hydrometallurgy to selectively extract metals from ores. They can include various substances such as water, acids, alkalis, salts, or biological solutions containing microorganisms. These systems are essential for leaching processes, where the lixiviant facilitates the dissolution of metals from solid materials .In case only part of the solid is dissolved, oxidative dissolution of metals can be described as a leaching process. The solution used for leaching is called a leaching system, leaching agent, or lixiviant.Lixiviant 系統是濕法冶金中使用的液體介質,用于從礦石中選擇性提取金屬。它們可以包括各種物質,例如水、酸、堿、鹽或含有微生物的生物溶液。這些系統對于浸出過程至關重要,其中 lixiviant 有助于金屬從固體材料中溶解。如果只有部分固體被溶解,金屬的氧化溶解可以描述為浸出過程。用于浸出的溶液稱為浸出系統、浸出劑或 lixiviant。

    • 山梨糖醇液是含67%~73% D-山梨糖醇的水溶液。20 ℃時山梨醇的溶解度為220 g/100 mL 水

      化學性質

      本品為50%或70%山梨醇水溶液,呈黏稠狀透明液體,有旋光性,略有甜味,具有吸濕性,能溶解多種金屬,高溫下不穩定。能參與酐化、酯化、醚化、氧化、還原和異構化等反應,并能與多種金屬形成絡合物。Chemical properties
      This product is a 50% or 70% sorbitol aqueous solution, which is a viscous transparent liquid, with optical rotation, slightly sweet, hygroscopic, can dissolve a variety of metals, and is unstable at high temperature. It can participate in anhydride, esterification, etherification, oxidation, reduction and isomerization reactions, and can form complexes with a variety of metals.

      藥品特性

      【適應癥】 適用于治療腦水腫及青光眼。也可用于心腎功能正常的水腫少尿。Pharmaceutical properties
      【Indications】 It is suitable for the treatment of cerebral edema and glaucoma. It can also be used for edema and oliguria with normal cardiorenal function.

      【用量用法】 靜注:1次25%溶液250~500ml,兒童每次量每千克體重1~2g,在20~30分鐘內輸入。為消除腦水腫,每隔6~12小時重復注射1次。【Dosage and usage】 Intravenous injection: 250~500ml of 25% solution once, 1~2g per kilogram of body weight for children each time, and input within 20~30 minutes. In order to eliminate cerebral edema, repeat the injection once every 6~12 hours.

      合成方法

      1.將配制好的53%葡萄糖水溶液加入高壓釜,加入葡萄糖重量0.1%的鎳催化劑。經置換空氣后,在約3.5MPa、150℃、pH8.2-8.4條件下加氫,終點控制殘糖在0.5%以下。沉淀5min后,將所得山梨糖醇溶液通過離子交換樹脂精制即得。原料消耗定額:鹽酸19kg/t、液堿36kg/t、固堿6kg/t、鋁鎳合金粉3kg/t、口服糖518kg/t、活性炭4kg/t     Synthesis method
      1. Add the prepared 53% aqueous glucose solution to the autoclave and add a nickel catalyst with 0.1% glucose by weight. After replacing the air, hydrogenation was added at about 3.5MPa, 150°C, pH8.2-8.4, and the endpoint control residual sugar was less than 0.5%. After precipitation for 5min, the resulting sorbitol solution was refined by ion exchange resin. Raw material consumption quota: hydrochloric acid 19kg/t, liquid alkali 36kg/t, solid alkali 6kg/t, aluminum-nickel alloy powder 3kg/t, oral sugar 518kg/t, activated carbon 4kg/t。

      2.采用淀粉糖化所得精制葡萄糖,中壓連續或間歇加氫制得。2. Refined glucose obtained by starch saccharification is prepared by continuous or intermittent hydrogenation at medium pressure.

      3.將53%的葡萄糖水溶液 ( 事先用堿液調ph=8.2~8.4)和葡萄糖質量0.1%的鎳  鋁催化劑加入高壓釜,排盡空氣后進行反應,控制溫度150℃,壓力3.5MPa:3. Add 53% glucose aqueous solution (pH=8.2~8.4 with lye solution in advance) and 0.1% nickel aluminum catalyst with glucose mass to the autoclave, drain the air and carry out the reaction, control the temperature 150 °C, pressure 3.5MPa:

      當葡萄糖含量達0.5%以下,反應即達終點。靜置沉淀、過濾。濾液用強酸性苯乙烯系陽離子交換樹脂001×7及強堿性系銨Ⅰ型陰離子交換樹脂201×7進行精制,去除鎳、鐵等雜質,即得成品D-山犁醇。When the glucose content reaches less than 0.5%, the reaction reaches the end point. Allow to settle and filter. The filtrate was refined with strong acidic styrene cation exchange resin 001×7 and strong alkaline ammonium I. anion exchange resin 201×7 to remove impurities such as nickel and iron, and the finished product D-mountain plough alcohol was obtained.

      依結晶條件不同,熔點在88~102℃范圍內變化,相對密度約1.49。易溶于水(1g 溶于約0.45mL水中),微溶于乙醇和乙酸、山梨糖醇液為清亮無色糖漿狀液體,有甜味,對石蕊呈中性,可與水、甘油和丙二醇混溶。

      山梨醇酐單油酸酯常與陰離子表面活性劑結合用作干洗劑。Sorbitan monooleate is often used as a dry cleaning agent in combination with anionic surfactants.別名司盤80(Span80)琥珀色粘稠油狀液體或淺黃至棕黃色小珠狀或片狀硬質蠟狀固體,有特殊的異味,味柔和。不溶于水,但在熱水中分散即成乳狀溶液。可溶于熱乙醇、甲苯、四氯化碳等有機溶劑。

      山梨糖醇脫水與脂肪酸合成的山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯統稱為Span類表面活性劑,其聚(氧乙烯基)衍生物統稱為Tween類表面活性劑。Span和Tween稱為第三代表面活性劑,通常一起使用,常作為乳化劑,對皮膚極少有刺激作用。油漆中摻合山梨醇酐也可改進水基油漆的分散性。山梨醇酐單油酸酯可用作腐蝕抑制劑。聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單棕櫚酸酯和單硬脂酸酯噴涂于玻璃器皿表面可減小破裂可能性。該物質作為水分保持劑用于冷凍魚糜制品(包括魚丸等)(食品類別09.02.03),抑制冷凍魚糜制品冷凍變性。其質量規格應當執行《食品添加劑山梨糖醇》(GB 29219-2012)或《食品添加劑 山梨糖醇液》(GB 7658-2005)。

      [niè]基催化劑其制備過程是把鎳鋁合金用濃氫氧化鈉溶液處理,在這一過程中,大部分的會和氫氧化鈉反應而溶解掉,留下了很干燥的活化后的雷尼鎳.具有大小不一的微孔。 這樣雷尼鎳表面上是細小的灰色粉末,但從微觀角度上,粉末中的每個微小顆粒都是一個立體多孔結構,這種多孔結構使得它的表面積大大增加,極大的表面積帶來的是很高的催化活性,這就使得雷尼鎳作為一種異相催化劑被廣泛用于有機合成和工業生產的氫化反應中。

      零價鎳催化劑英文名稱:zero valent nickel catalyst又稱裸鎳或配體自由鎳。為鎳的π烯烴絡合物。從形式上看,零價鎳意味著鎳的氧化態為零,在 Ni (π-C3H5 )2 、 Ni(COD)2 和 Ni(CDT)分子中,鎳沒有被烯配位體氧化或還原,但兩個 COD 有八個電子進入鎳的 sp3雜化軌道,使鎳的有效原子序數達到穩定的電子構型。一個 CDT 提供了六個電子進入鎳的 sp3雜化軌道,使鎳的有效原子序數達到 16。這類催化劑是有色晶體,對空氣和水很敏感,但是可以分離得到。零價鎳的催化作用可能是由于鎳原子從環烯絡合物消除時保持了它的"裸鎳"特性, 繼續能與烯烴或膦絡合。

      When transition metal ions in an aqueous solution react with aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia they form precipitates. However, some of these precipitates will dissolve in an excess of sodium hydroxide or ammonia to form complex ions in solution.當水溶液中的過渡金屬離子與氫氧化鈉水和氨水反應時,它們會形成沉淀物。然而,其中一些沉淀物會溶解在過量的氫氧化鈉或氨水中,在溶液中形成絡離子。 




      Synthesis method

      Sorbitol合成方法 take about 50mg of this product, add 3ml of water to dissolve it, add 3ml of new 10% catechol solution, shake well, add 6mL of sulfuric acid, shake well, then show pink color.取本品約50mg,加水3ml使溶解,加新的10%兒茶酚溶液3ml,搖勻,加硫酸6mL,搖勻,即顯粉紅色。















       sorbitol can interact with and chelate various metal ions, particularly in strong acid or strong base environments. However, the exact list of metals that can be "dissolved" or chelated by sorbitol in aqueous solutions is not provided in the given search results.山梨醇可以與各種金屬離子相互作用并螯合,特別是在強酸或強堿環境中。但是,給定的搜索結果中沒有提供可在水溶液中被山梨醇“溶解”或螯合的金屬的確切列表。




    • 二硫代氨基甲酸酯 CAS No.:

    • 207233-95-2
    •  去除各種金屬殘留物


    • Dithiocarbamate removes a variety of metal residues別名:二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉 水合物;N,NDimethyldithiocarbamatesodiumsalthydrateD6 標準品;二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉;二甲基二硫代氨甲酸鈉鹽水合物;二硫代氨基甲酸酯;水合二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉;N,N-二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉 標準品;促進劑MSL;促進劑S;促進劑SDD;敵百畝;二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉一水合物;二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸 鈉鹽;二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉鹽水合物

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