什么是主謂一致? 先來做幾道題,看看你是否也掉過這些坑: The list of items (is/are) on the desk. Bread and butter (is/are) my favorite breakfast. Neither he nor I (is/am/are) wrong. Ten thousand dollars (is/are) a large sum of money. 如果你的答案不是非常肯定,那么這篇干貨就是為你準備的!主謂一致,顧名思義,就是句子的謂語動詞必須和它的主語在人稱(第一、二、三人稱)和數(單數、復數)上保持一致。 說起來簡單,但遇到復雜主語時,很多人都會懵圈。  打開今日頭條查看圖片詳情 主謂一致,有三大核心原則! 1、語法一致原則:即根據主語的語法形式來決定謂語動詞的單復數。 A book is on the table. (一本書,單數) Many books are on the table. (許多本書,復數) 2、意義一致原則:有時主語形式是單數,但意義是復數,或反之。這時要根據其實際含義來決定。 The police are looking for him. (警察是集體概念,指多個警察,用復數) Ten years is a long time. (十年作為一個整體時間概念,用單數) 3、就近原則:由 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等連接并列主語時,謂語動詞的單復數要與離它最近的那個主語保持一致。 Neither he nor I am wrong. (我離動詞最近,用am) Not only the students but also the teacher was surprised. (老師離動詞最近,用was)  打開今日頭條查看圖片詳情 如果你以為這就完了,那就錯啦,主謂一致還有8大難點。 1、集體名詞作主語 - 強調整體時,用單數:class, family, team, group, government, audience 等。
- Our team is the best. (我們隊是最棒的。強調整體。)
- 強調集體中的個體成員時,用復數。
- Our team are having dinner. (我們隊的隊員們正在吃飯。強調個體。)
2、“of”短語修飾主語 - 核心原則:謂語動詞與of前面的核心主語保持一致。
- The list of items is on the desk. (清單是單數)
- Many kinds of apple are grown here. (許多種類是復數)
3、并列結構作主語 - and/both...and 連接,通常表示復數概念,用復數。
- 表示同一人、同一物或同一概念時,用單數。
- Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. (黃油面包是一種食物)
- The poet and writer has come. (這位詩人兼作家來了。指同一個人)
4、不定代詞作主語 - 總是用單數:each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing
- Everybody is here.
- Somebody wants to see you.
 打開今日頭條查看圖片詳情 5、表示“數量、時間、距離、金額”的復數名詞作主語 - 通常被視為一個整體概念,用單數。
- Ten thousand dollars is a large sum. (一萬美元是一大筆錢。)
- Fifty years has passed. (五十年過去了。)
6、 “名詞+介詞短語”作主語 - 常見介詞:with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, except, including等。
- 核心原則:謂語動詞與第一個主語(即介詞前面的核心主語)保持一致。這些介詞短語是插入成分,不影響主語的數。
- The teacher, as well as his students, is excited. (老師是單數)
- The students, together with their teacher, are excited. (學生們是復數)
7、不定式、動名詞、從句作主語 - 視為單數概念。
- To see is to believe. (不定式作主語)
- Swimming is good for health. (動名詞作主語)
- What he said is true. (主語從句作主語)
8、 “the + 形容詞”作主語 - 表示一類人,用復數:the poor, the rich, the young, the old。
- 表示抽象概念,用單數。
- The beautiful is not always the good.
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