干貨｜語法之狀語從句的簡化

1、總述：

所有從屬從句簡化的原則都是一樣的，即為求concise and clear out!

狀語從句中能省略的無非三個部分：主語、動詞和連接詞。

1、主語重復時可以省略。

2、動詞分為三種：實意動詞改成非謂語的形式；be動詞因其意義是“空的”，可以省略；語氣助動詞改成to do的形式

3、連接詞是否省略關注的的是，省略連接詞之后是否影響句子的意思。因為省略連接詞是為了讓句子簡潔，但卻萬萬不能損害句子的清楚性。

2、連接詞的省略

一般來說，表伴隨的連接詞(when/while)以及表原因的連接詞（because/since/as等），省略之后不妨礙句子的清楚性。因果關系本來就有非常強烈的暗示，如果保留下來會顯得相當的刺眼、累贅。

例子：While the boy was lying on the coach, he fell asleep.

簡化之后：Lying on the coach, the boy fell asleep.

Because we have nothing to do here, we might as well go now.

簡化之后：Having nothing to do here, we might as well go now.

Because we have been warned, we processed carefully.

簡化之后：Having been warned, we processed carefully.

warned, we processed carefully.

（having been與warned都有“已經”的意思，此處省略having been句子的意思也是完整的）

3、連接詞不可以省略的情況一：邏輯不清晰

例子：Although we have nothing to do here, we can’t leave early.

Although是為了讓邏輯關系明確才保留，否則大家會認為是“因為無視可做，我們不能離開”反之，可以改成：

Having nothing to do, we STILL can’t leave early.

例子：He raised his hand, as if he was trying to beat her.

As if省略之后，句子的邏輯意思也會改變。

4、連接詞不可以省略的情況一：時態問題

Before/since/after既是連接詞有是介詞！

例一：After he wrote the letter, he put it into the mail.

直接省略連接詞，句子會出現邏輯問題。

可改寫成：

After writing the letter, he put it into the mail.

Having written the letter, he put it into the mail.

When he had written the letter, he put it into the mail.

例二：Before it was decorated, the house was in a bad shape.

改寫成：

Before being decorated/decoration, the house was in a bad shape.

反例：After he shot in the knee, he couldn’t fight.

簡化之后，Shot in the knee, he couldn’t fight.

5、不能省略主語的情況——懸蕩修飾語（dangling modifier）

例子：When the boy was sleeping soundly in bed, his mom came in and kissed him goodnight.

簡化成：

改法一：The boy sleeping soundly in bed, his mom came in and kissed him goodnight.

改法二：Sleeping soundly in bed, the boy did not know it when his mom came in and kissed him goodnight.

（sleeping soundly in bed是一個修飾語，但是卻找不到歸一，猶如懸掛在半空中漂浮不定）

例子：懸掛修飾+having been的用法

When the coffin had been interred, the minister said a few comforting words.

簡化之后：The coffin (having been) interred, the minister said a few comforting words.

整理自雷哥GMAT團隊

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