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最新（2013秋）人教版八年級上冊英語知識點 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 一、重要短語歸納 1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里 3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海灘 5.visit museums 參觀博物館 6.go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 7.quite a few相當多 8.study for為……而學習 9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分時間 11.taste good嘗起來很好吃 12.come up出來,發生 13.of course當然 14.feel like給……的感覺；感受到 15.go shopping去購物 16.in the past在過去 17.walk around四處走走 18.because of因為 19.one bowl of… 一碗…… 20.the next day第二天 21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出；查明 23.go on繼續 24.take photos照相 25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下 27.have a good time玩得高興=enjoy oneself=have great fun 二、慣用法 1.buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.為某人買某物 2.taste adj. 嘗起來…… 3.look adj. 看起來…… 4.nothing…but 動詞原形 除了……之外什么都沒有 5.Seem （to be） adj. 看起來…… 6.arrive in 大地點 / arrive at 小地點 到達某地 7.decide to do sth.決定去做某事 8.try doing sth.嘗試做某事 / try to do sth.盡力去做某事 9.forget doing sth.忘記做過某事/ forget to do sth.忘記做某事 10.enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事 11.want to do sth.想去做某事 12.start doing sth.開始做某事 14.stop doing sth. 停止做某事 15.dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事 16.keep doing sth.繼續做某事 17.Why not do. sth.?為什么不做……呢？ 18.so adj. that 從句 如此……以至于…… 19.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事 三、詞語辨析 1.anywhere 與 somewhere 共同點：兩者都是不定副詞。 不同點：anywhere，“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。I can’t find it anywhere. somewhere，“在某處，到某處”，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 2.與seem有關的句式 1）seem 形容詞 “看起來…..” You seem happy today. 2）seem to do sth. “似乎、好像做某事” I seem to have a cold 3）It seems / seemed 從句 “看起來好像…；似乎…”. It seems that no one believe you. 4）seem like ….“好像，似乎…..” It seems like a good idea. 3. decide: 1）decide to do sth.決定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. 2）decide 疑問詞 動詞不定式 He can not decide when to leave. 4. start與begin 共同點：start doing sth = start to do sth. 開始，可與begin 互換 。He started doing his homework. 不同點：但以下幾種情況不能用begin： 1）創辦，開辦： He started a new bookshop last month. 2）機器開動： I can’t start my car. 3）出發，動身： I will start tomorrow morning. 5. over：（prep.） 1）“多于，超過，在…以上（表示數目、程度）”= more than 如：My father is over 40 years old. 2）“在…之上，與物體垂直且不接觸”，與 under 相反。 如：There is a map over the blackboard. 3）“超過”： I hear the news over the radio. 4）“遍及”： I want to travel all over the world. 6. too many，too much，much too 1）too many “太多”，后接可數名詞復數。 如：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. 2）too much “太多”，修飾不可數名詞或修飾動詞作狀語。 如：?We have too much work to do. ?Don’t talk too much. 3）much too “太”，修飾形容詞或副詞。 如：?The hat is much too big for me. ?You’re walking much too fast. 小結：分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區別看后頭： much 后接不可數， too 后修飾形或副。 too many 要記住，后面名詞必復數。 7. because： 1）because of 介詞短語，“因為，由于”，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接句子。 如：He can’t take a walk because of the rain. 2）because 連詞，“因為”，引導狀語從句，表示直接明確的原因或理由。 如：I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 8.try to do sth.與try doing sth. try to do sth：盡力做某事； try doing sth.：嘗試做某事。 如：I tried calling him, but no one answered. I'm trying to learn English well 9.forget to do sth. 與forget doing sth. 1）forget to do sth.忘記將要做的某事 如：Don’t forget to close the window.別忘了關窗戶。 2）forget doing sth.忘記做過某事 如：I forget closing the window.我忘記已經關上窗戶了。 10.stop doing sth.與stop to do sth. 1）stop to do sth.停下了去做另一件事 如：I stopped to eat。我停下來開始吃東西。 2）stop doing sth.停止做某事 如：I stopped eating。我停止吃東西。 11.something,somebody,someone; anything,anybody,anyone something,somebody,someone：用于肯定句 anything,anybody,anyone：用于否定句、疑問句或條件句 四、重要句子 1.Where did you go on vacation？你去哪里度假了？ 1）這是一個由疑問副詞where引導的特殊疑問句。Where用來詢問地點或場所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑問句。 如：Where are you from？ Where does he live？ 2）go on vacation“去度假 ” He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。 2.Did you buy anything special？你買特別的東西了嗎？ 1）buy，vt，“購買” 如：It takes a lot of money to buy a house.買一座房子要花一大筆錢。 2）buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. sth.為某人買某物 如：My father bought me a bike. =My father bought a bike for me. 3）anything special“特別的東西” 注意：形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置 如：Do you want anything else？你還想要其他什么嗎？ 3.We took quite a few photos there. 1）take photos照相，拍照 如：Could you help me take some photos？ 2）quite a few“相當多”，后加可數名詞復數 quite a little“相當多”，后加不可數名詞 如：There are quite a few people in the restaurant. There is quite a little water in the bottle. 4.Everything tasted really good.所有的東西嘗起來真的很好吃。 taste，連系動詞，“嘗起來”，其后接形容詞構成系表結構。 如：The food tastes really great. 與之類似的詞：sound（聽起來）,feel（摸起來）,look（看起來）。 5.How did you like it?你覺得它怎么樣？ 用來詢問對方的觀點或看法。 =What did you think of it? =How did you feel about it? 6.Did you go shopping?你們去購物嗎？ go shopping“去購物” 拓展：go doing“去做某事”，常用于表達從事某一體育活動或休閑活動。 如：go climbing ; go skating (去滑冰); go hiking ; go sightseeing ; go fishing ; go boating（去劃船） 7.I went to a friend's farm in the country with my family.我和家人一起去了鄉下一個朋友的農場。 a friend's farm是名詞所有格形式，“一個朋友的農場”。 拖展：名詞的所有格： 名詞的所有格主要表示所屬關系，它有兩種構成方式，即-’s 所有格和 of 所有格 一）’s格的用法 1）主要用于有生命的名詞，其所有格構成為：單數名詞后加's； 復數名詞以s作結尾的后加'，不以s作結尾的后加's。 總結：復數名詞以s結尾加’，其他都加’s 如：Tom's dog, my brother's books, Mary's boyfriend, sheep's skin, your boss’decision. 2）用于表示時間，距離，地點，團體，重量，價格這六類無生命名詞的所有格，也要加's表示所有， 如： a day's work(一天的工作)，two miles' distance(兩英里的距離), ten dollars' worth, five miles' distance, twenty pounds' weight，Beijing's future, the government's decision，Japan's industry，the earth’plants. 3）所有格的一個特殊形式：共有物，只在最后一個名詞的后面加's，即“共有物，最后加”； 不共有，則每個名詞之后都要加's，即“各自有，各自加”； 如：Bill and Hillary’s house. (Bill和Hillary共有的房子) Bill’s and Hillary’s houses(Bill和Hillary各自的房子) 4）所有格的省略：表示理發店、商店等名詞或一些習慣用法，如: the barber's. my sister’s, the tailor’s. 二）of所有格的用法 主要用于無生命的名詞，其所有格構成為： “of 名詞”的結構。 如：a map of China 8.The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的問題是晚上除了讀書沒什么事可做。 nothing adj to do “沒什么事可做” 如：I have nothing special to do this afternoon.今天下午我沒有什么特殊的事要做。 拓展：nothing but“只有，除..之外什么也沒有”； have nothing to do but do sth.“只能做某事”=have no chance but to do sth. 如：I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。 I had nothing to do but watch TV.w我只能看電視了。 9.Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然沒有人看起來無聊。 1）Seem可作不及物動詞或連系動詞，“好像，似乎，看來” 如：Everything seems easy. 拓展： Seem的用法： ?seem 形容詞 “看起來…..” You seem happy today. ?seem to do sth. “似乎、好像做某事” I seem to have a cold ?It seems / seemed 從句 “看起來好像…；似乎…”. It seems that no one believe you. ④seem like ….“好像，似乎…..” It seems like a good idea. 2）bored,boring辨析 Bored ：“厭倦的；感到無聊的”，一般在句中修飾人，作表語。 Boring：“無趣的；令人厭煩的；單調的”，一般在句中修飾事或物，可作表語和定語。 如：I'm bored with what he said. I find the story very boring. 10.What did Lisa say about...? Say about“發表對...的看法” 如：I did't say anything about it.我對此事什么也沒說。 11. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.今天早上我和家人到達了馬來西亞的檳城。 1）arrive，vi，“到達”。 2）arrive in 大地點 ；arrive at 小地點 “到達某地” 如：The books will arrive tomorrow.這些書明天到。 We arrived in Beijing yesterday.我們昨天就到北京了。 I arrived at the train station very early. 12....so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.因此我們決定到旅館附近的海灘上去。 1）go to the beach去海灘 2)decide，vt，“決定”，decided to do sth.“決定做某事” 如：They decide to visit the museum. 13.I feel like I was a bird.It was so exciting.我感覺自己就像一只小鳥，太刺激了。 feel like“給...的感覺，感受到”，，其后常接從句。 如：I feel like that I have never been there before.我感覺從來沒到過那。 feel like“想要”，，其后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞。 如：Do you feel like a cup of tea now?你現在想要喝茶嗎？ 14.I really enjoyed walking around the town.我真的很喜歡在鎮上到處走走。 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have great fun“玩的高興，愉快” 如：I enjoyed myself at the party last night. = I had a good time at the party last night. =I had great fun at the party last night. 15.What a difference a day makes!一天的變化有多大啊! 本句是 what引導的感嘆句。 拓展：感嘆句的結構： 1）what a/an （adj） 單數的可數名詞 主語 謂語！ 2）What （adj ） 復數的可數名詞/不可數名詞 主語 謂語！ 3）How adj/adv 主語 謂語！ 如：What a beautiful girl she is! What hard work it is ! What many flowers there is ! What a pity! 16.We wanted to walk up to shop,but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.我們想步行爬到山頂，但是天開始下起了小雨，因此我們決定乘火車去。 1）Want to do sth. 如：I want to clean my bedroom. 2）start doing sth = start to do sth. 開始，可與begin 互換 。如：He started doing his homework. 但以下幾種情況不能用begin： ?創辦，開辦： He started a new bookshop last month. ?機器開動： I can’t start my car. ?出發，動身： I will start tomorrow morning. 3）a little A little ,a bit區別 ①a little：a)可直接修飾不可數名詞； b)作副詞短語，“一點兒”，在句中修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。但a bit后要加of后才可接名詞。 ②not a little=very much表示“非常”，但not a bit= not at all表示“一點也不” 如：I can draw a little,but only as a hobby.我可以畫一點兒畫，但是僅僅是個愛好。 It’s a little cold outside.外面有點冷。 He said he spoke a little English.他說他會說一點英語。 4）take the train乘火車 17.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.因為人太多，所以我們等了一個多小時的火車。 1）Wait for “等候”，其后可接人或物。 如：I ‘ll wait for you at the door. Tom was waiting for a bus over there. 2）over：（prep.） a）“多于，超過，在…以上（表示數目、程度）”= more than 如：My father is over 40 years old. b)“在…之上，與物體垂直且不接觸”，與 under 相反。 如：There is a map over the blackboard. c）“超過”： I hear the news over the radio. d）“遍及”： I want to travel all over the world. 3）too many，too much，much too a）too many “太多”，后接可數名詞復數。 如：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. b）too much “太多”，修飾不可數名詞或修飾動詞作狀語。 如：?We have too much work to do. ?Don’t talk too much. c）much too “太”，修飾形容詞或副詞。 如：?The hat is much too big for me. ?You’re walking much too fast. 小結：分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區別看后頭： much 后接不可數， too 后修飾形或副。 too many 要記住，后面名詞必復數。 18.My father didn’t bring enough money.我爸爸沒帶足夠的錢。 1）bring、take Bring“帶來，拿來” 如：Don’t forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.不要忘了明天吧你的作業帶到這來 Take“帶走，拿走” 如：We will take the students to the museum.我們將帶學生到博物館去 2）enough a）形容詞，“足夠的，充分的”，作定語修飾名詞 如：We have enough time to do our homework. b）副詞，“足夠地，充分地”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞，一般置于被修飾詞之后 如：I know him well enough我對他足夠熟悉。 19.Why not?為什么不呢？ Why not do sth.為什么不做某事呢？ 如：Why not go to the party with me? =Why don’t you go to the party with me? 20.Twenty minutes later, the sun started to come up.20分鐘后，太陽開始升起來了。 Come up“出現，發生” 如：Please let me know if anything comes up.如果發生什么事的話，請讓我知道。 21.My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的雙腿太累了，以至于我都想停下來。 So…that…：“如此…以至于…”，引導結果狀語從句，句中的so是副詞，常常用該修飾形容詞或副詞。 拓展： So that 引導目的狀語從句，“以便，為了” 如：He gets up early every morning so that he can catch up the early bus. 五、語法專項 1.復合不定代詞 ①定義 a)復合不定代詞由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one構成的合成詞。 即：復合不定代詞：something,somebody,someone; anything,anybody,anyone; nothing,nobody,no one; everything,everybody,everyone b) 它們在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。 ②用法 (1) 受定語修飾時，定語應置于其后。 如：Tell us something interesting. 給我們講點有趣的事。 There was nobody tired. 沒有一個人很累。 There is nothing to eat.這里沒有吃的東西。 (2)指人的復合不定代詞若用作主語，其謂語動詞一般用單數，相應的人稱代詞和物主代詞也用單數 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文體中常用復數代詞 they, them, their. 如：If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait. 要是有人來，讓他等著。 (3)anyone, everyone,someone,no one:a)只能指人，不能指物; b)且其后一般不接of 短語。 c)若是指物或后接 of 短語，可用 any one, every one (即分開寫)。 ③考點要求 (1)自身的意義以及對句式的要求：構成復合不定代詞的兩個部分分別表示不同的意義和對句式的要求以及考慮其表人還是表物。 body用來表人；thing用來表物；one既可表人也可表物。 some表示“某”，用于肯定陳述句或用情態動詞引導的問句中； any表示“某”，用于否定句或問句； no表示“沒有”，用于肯定句說明否定意義； every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或問句。 (2)主謂一致性關系：復合不定代詞任何時候都看為單數，作主語時，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式。 如：錯：Everybody in our class are interested in English. 對：Everybody in our class is interested in English. (3)定語后置關系：對復合不定代詞進行修飾的詞語必須后置放在它的后面。 如：錯：I have important something to tell you. 對：I have something important to tell you. (4)none和其它復合不定代詞的用法區別：none在句中不能單獨作主語，但可同of連用帶名詞一起作主語； 其它復合不定代詞可單獨作主語，但不能同of連用。 如：錯：He is new here, so none knows him. 對：He is new here, so no one knows him. 錯：Nobody of them has been to England before. 對：None of them has been to England before.. (5)代換復合不定代詞的人稱代詞：在使用人稱代詞代換復合不定代詞時，應考慮其表人還是表物。表人時，用they代換；表物時，用it代換。 如：Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it? Nobody has been there before, have they? 注意：熟記以下短語搭配 1. anything but 并不，一點也不 2. nothing but僅僅...；只不過...只有… 3. something/anything of（略有；多少） 4. much of（大有） 5. nothing/ little of（全無；毫無） 6. something like（似乎；略微） 如： ①He is something of a philosopher.他略具哲學家風范。 ②He has seen something of life. 他略具閱歷。 ③He is very much of a poet. 他大有詩人氣派。 ④He is nothing of a musician. 他全無音樂家的風味。 ⑤He is little of a scholar. 他幾無學者風度。 ⑥It shaped something like a cigar. 其形狀略似雪茄。 ⑦He's anything but diligent.他并不用功。 ⑧The boy is nothing but a rascal.這個男孩是個小淘氣。 There was nothing but silence in the room. 這間屋內聲息全無，一片寂靜 補充： 1.second to none獨一無二的 2.all to nothing一定 3.for nothing徒勞，免費 4.be nothing to對.....無所謂 5.to say nothing of更談不到.... 6.go for nothing白費；沒有價值 7.have nothing to do but do sth.只能做... 8.there is nothing to do sth.沒什么好... 11.nothing but僅僅...；只不過...；只有 12.nothing if not非常... 13.come to nothing沒有結果；失敗 14.think nothing of認為...算不了什么 15.have nothing to do with和...無關 16.there is nothing in it.那根本沒有道理 21.anything but 并不，一點也不 如：He's anything but diligent.他并不用功。 22.nothing adj to do “沒什么事可做” 如：I have nothing special to do this afternoon.今天下午我沒有什么特殊的事要做。 23.nothing but“只有，除..之外什么也沒有”； 24.have nothing to do but do sth.“只能做某事”=have no chance but to do sth. 如：I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。 I had nothing to do but watch TV.w我只能看電視了。 2.一般過去時的規則動詞與不規則動詞 1）規則變化 ①直接加ed：work-- worked ②以e結尾的單詞，直接加d：live ---lived ③以輔音字母 y結尾的，變y為i加ed：study---studied ④以元音字母 y結尾的，直接加ed：enjoy ---enjoyed ⑤以重讀閉音節結尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母 ed： stop---stopped 2）不規則變化 現在式 過去式 中文意思 現在式 過去式 中文意思 am, is was 是 may might 可能 are were 是 mean meant 意思是 become became 變成 meet met 遇見，見面 begin began 開始 must must 必須，應該 build built 建筑 put put 放 buy bought 買 read read 閱讀 can could 可以 ride rode 琦 catch caught 抓住 run ran 跑 come came 來 say said 說 cut cut 切 see saw 看見 dig dug 挖 sell sold 賣 do, does did 做 send sent 發送 draw drew 畫畫 set set 放置 drink drank 喝 shake shook 搖晃 drive drove 駕駛 shall should 應該 eat ate 吃 shine shone 照耀 fall fell 落下 show showed 表現，表演 feed fed 喂養 sing sang 唱 feel felt 感覺 sit sat 坐 fight fought 大家 sleep slept 睡覺 find found 尋找到 smell smelt 聞 fly flew 飛 speak spoke 說 get got 得到 spell spelt 拼 give gave 給 stand stood 站 go went 去 swim swam 游泳 has, have had 有，吃 swing swung 蕩秋千 hear heard 聽見 take took 拿，花費，拍 hold held 握住 teach taught 教 hurt hurt 受傷 tell told 告訴 keep kept 保持 think thought 思考 know knew 知道 throw threw 扔 learn learnt learned 學習 wake woke waked 醒來 leave left 離開 wear wore 穿 let let 讓 will would 將 light lit lighted 點燃 win won 贏 lose lost 丟失 write wrote 寫 make ma
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