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但是很多同學對于句子成分分析不甚了解，經常劃分錯誤，那么理解出來的句子意思和作者的意圖就相差甚遠，題目也就容易出錯…… 今天奇速君總結一個專題，專門講解英語的句子結構類型，以及通過長難句子成分的解析。想學習的小伙伴可以搬好小板凳繼續往下看了。 講前考一考，留言區告訴我答案。 １. This kind of skirt is very _________ (fashion). 2. His suggestions are _________ (reason). 3. It is ________(obviously ) that he won the match. 4. That ‘s really a _________ (science ) method(方法)． 5. there are too many ________ (art ) scenes in the park . 6. We should do something to stop the _________ (globe) warming. 7.With the (develop) of the science, we improve our living conditions greatly. 8. European ________ (settle) began in 1840 when the British arrived. 9. Have you made an (arrange) about your trip? 10. Could you give me some _________ (suggest) on our plan? 11. A cinema is a public place of ________ (entertain ). 12.After sunset, the sky darkened ________ ( rapid ) 13. ________ ( fortunate ), they escaped from the big fire. 14._________ ( general ) speaking, people in South China live on rice. 15.His daughter is _______ ( serious ) ill, so he has to ask for leave. 16.The car which was out of control _________ (violent ) hit the big tree. 17.The typhoon is ________ (extreme ) strong.  英語句子的介紹與其重要性 句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語的句子成分有八種，需要徹底掌握前7種： 主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語、（主語補足語）。 學會判斷句子成分對以后學習難句奠定了基礎。 英語句子的構成也有其特定的規律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。 句子成分與結構 定義 ：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主語和謂語 次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語     什么情況下用it作形式主語？ 當不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。  △情態動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語. They can speak English well. They are playing over there.      It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語 賓語和賓語補足語一起構成動詞的復合結構 （八）主語補足語 如果上述結構變成被動語態，原賓語成為主語，原賓語補足語相應地變為主語補足語 I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong. He died young. 他死時很年輕。（此句不是原賓補變過來的） She was called Lucy. 她名叫露西。 He was seen to go upstairs.有人看見他上樓了。 獨立成分 感嘆詞、應答詞、呼語、插入語等，在句中可作獨立成分，用逗號與其他成分隔開。 Oh, my god! 感嘆詞 Come in, Mr Green. 呼語 This , I think, is the best way to help them.插入語 分詞獨立主格結構： 分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應有自己的邏輯主語，構成分詞獨立結構。 例： 錯句：Studying hard,your score will go up. 正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up. 解析：錯句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語，則其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，既your score . 顯然做study的應是人，不應是your score（分數）. 正確句(1)更正了句子的主語,使其與分詞邏輯主語一致( 同為you );正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語,(不過已經不是分詞結構了). 分詞獨立結構常省略being,having been.不過‘There being...’的場合不能省略. 如： He sat in front of them ,his dusty face masking his age. All things considered,the trip will have to be called off. Game (being) over,he went home. He stands there,book (being) in hand. 獨立結構還可用with、without引導，作狀語或定語。這種結構不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。 如： With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./無事可做，他很快就睡著了。 The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老師進來了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！） 句子類型簡單句 文章末尾附簡單句五種句子結構 并列句(compound sentence) 復合句：主句+從句 主句是一個完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以獨立存在。 從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在. By the time he arrived,（從句） we had already left.（主句） 在復合句中，主要包含以下類型從句： 1.名詞性從句（主語從句 、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句） 2.定語從句 3.狀語從句 附：英語簡單句的5種句子結構 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構成，用以表達存在關系可以稱“……有……”。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語意。 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數量上一致，有時態和情態變化。如： 現在有 there is/are … 過去有 there was/were… 將來有 there will be…；there is /are going to be... 現在已經有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 過去曾經有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be … 鞏固練習： 1．這個村子過去只有一口井。 There was only a well in the village. 2．客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3．氣象員說下午將有大風。 The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4．燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 5．戰前這兒曾有一家電影院. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 6．恰好那時房里沒人。 There happened to be nobody in the room. 7．從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 8．公共汽車來了。 There comes the bus. 9．就只剩下二十八美元了。 There remained only twenty –eight dollars. 10．鈴響了。 There goes the bell. |
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