中年時期血壓預示日后心臟風險

     2011年12月19日——一項研究顯示，中年時期甚至成年早期血壓的高低變化對日后得心臟病和中風的風險有顯著影響。

The analysis of data from seven studies involving more than 61,000 people is one of the most comprehensive studies ever conducted examining how changes in blood pressure during middle age affect lifetime risk of heart disease and stroke.

       這次研究是已進行的研究中涵蓋范圍最廣的一個，其數(shù)據(jù)從包含超過61000個研究對象的七項研究中得來，對數(shù)據(jù)的分析可以看出中年時期的血壓變化是如何影響人一生患心臟病和中風的風險的。

Researchers confirmed that people with normal blood pressure at age 55 had a relatively low lifetime risk for heart disease or stroke -- between 22% and 41%.

       研究人員證實，55歲時血壓正常的人，日后患有心臟病或中風的風險相對較低——介于22%到41%之間。

In contrast, those who had already developed high blood pressure by this age had a higher lifetime risk of between 42% and 69%.

       相比而言，那些在這個年紀血壓已經(jīng)較高的人日后得病的風險也較高，介于42%到69%之間。

The findings highlight the importance of maintaining normal blood pressure throughout middle age and even earlier, says researcher Norrina Allen, PhD, of Chicago's Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

       芝加哥西北大學芬伯格醫(yī)學院的博士研究員諾瑞拉·艾倫（Norrina Allen）說，此發(fā)現(xiàn)強調了中年甚至更早時期保持正常血壓的重要性。

More than 74 million adults in the U.S. have high blood pressure, meaning that their systolic pressure (the top number) is 140 mmHg or higher and their diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or above.

       超過7400萬美國成年人患有高血壓，意味著他們的心臟收縮壓為144毫米汞柱或更高，心臟舒張壓為90毫米汞柱或更高。

"People who maintained a low blood pressure of less than 120 over 80 had the lowest lifetime risk for [heart disease and stroke], and those who stayed above 140 over 90 had the highest," Allen tells WebMD. "The longer people can delay the onset of hypertension, the better off they are."

       “血壓低于80-120的人日后得病（心臟病和中風）幾率最低，而那些血壓超過90-140的人得病風險最高，”艾倫對醫(yī)療網(wǎng)（WebMD）說。“越遲得高血壓，健康狀況越好。”

Middle-Age BP Predicts Heart, Stroke Risk

中年時期血壓預示日后心臟病和中風風險

Using the data, the researchers were able to estimate lifetime risk for heart attack, stroke, and other heart-related events for white and African-American adults.

       使用此數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員能夠估計出白人和黑人成人一生患上心臟病，中風和其它與心臟有關的疾病的風險。

Starting with a first-time reading at an average age of 41, the researchers tracked blood pressure changes until age 55 and then continued to follow the study participants until the occurrence of a heart attack, stroke, or other medically similar event, or until death or age 95.

       從平均年齡41歲到55歲，研究人員們測量血壓，追蹤血壓變化，然后繼續(xù)監(jiān)控研究對象直到出現(xiàn)心臟病，中風或其它醫(yī)學上類似疾病，又或是直到對象死亡或95歲。

By their mid-50s, about one in four men and two in five women still had normal blood pressure, and about half of men and women had blood pressure that was above normal but not yet high enough to be considered high.

       到50多歲時，四分之一的男性和五分之二的女性血壓仍然正常，一半男性和女性的血壓高于正常值，但不足以認為是得了高血壓。

Women had greater increases in blood pressure during middle age than men did, and African-American men and African-American women had a higher lifetime risk for high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke than white men and women.

       中年時期，女性血壓增加量高于男性，黑人男性和黑人女性日后患高血壓，心臟病和中風的風險比白人男性和白人女性大。

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Based on their analysis, the researchers predicted that:

       分析數(shù)據(jù)后研究人員預測：undefined

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More than two out of three (70%) men who developed high blood pressure in middle age will have a heart attack, stroke, or other such event by age 85.

       中年時期患有高血壓的男性，有超過三分之二（70%）的可能性在85歲之前得心臟病，中風或其他類似疾病。undefined

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Half of women who develop high blood pressure by their early 40s will develop heart disease or increase their stroke risk later in life.

       40歲出頭時患有高血壓的女性，日后有一半幾率得心臟病或增加中風風險。undefined

The study will appear in the Jan. 3 issue of the American Heart Association (AHA) journal Circulation.

       這項研究于1月3號發(fā)表在美國心臟病協(xié)會期刊《循環(huán)》上。undefined

'Never Too Late to Lower Heart Attack, Stroke Risk'

“降低心臟病和中風風險，任何時候都不遲”undefined

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The researchers were not able to examine the impact of drug treatments to control high blood pressure on lifetime heart attack and stroke risk.

       研究人員未能檢驗使用藥物控制高血壓對日后患心臟病和中風風險的影響。undefined

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That's because drugs were not widely used to treat high blood pressure when the first blood pressure measurements were taken, Allen says.

       這是因為第一次測量血壓時，人們沒有廣泛使用藥物來治療高血壓。undefined

American Heart Association president-elect Donna Arnett, PhD, says it is clear from clinical trials that drug treatments that control high blood pressure lower the lifetime risk of heart attack, stroke, and death from other similar causes.

       下一屆美國心臟協(xié)會會長，唐娜·阿內特（Donna Arnett）博士說，臨床試驗很清楚地顯示，控制高血壓的藥物治療可降低日后心臟病，中風和死于類似疾病的風險。undefined

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Arnett, who chairs the department of epidemiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, tells WebMD that it is never too late to lower heart attack and stroke risk with lifestyle changes and drug treatments.

       阿內特對醫(yī)療網(wǎng)說道，改變生活方式和使用藥物治療來降低心臟病和中風風險，絕不會太遲。阿內特是位于伯明翰市的阿拉巴馬大學流行病學系的系主任。undefined

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"This research shows that normal blood pressure in middle age is a good indicator of [heart and blood vessel] health later in life," she says. "Remaining physically active, maintaining a healthy body weight, eating right, and drug treatments can all help people achieve this goal."

       “本研究顯示，中年時期血壓正常是日后健康的良好指標（心臟和血管），”她說道，“鍛煉身體，維持健康體重，合理飲食和藥物治療可以幫助人們保持健康。”